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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Zoology & Ecology
First published in 1983, the second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader a factual synthesis of the behavior of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavior, behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behavior. In this second edition more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behavior and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethology provides behavioral considerations for management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos.
The book summarizes present scientific knowledge in plant
physiology with regards to plant production. The authors, mainly
professors of plant physiology at agricultural universities in
Czechoslovakia, present the individual fields of plant physiology
with regard to the demands of agricultural practice and education
of students and doctorani at these universities.
In the last 50 years the tiger population in Asia has plummeted
from 100,000 to about 5,000. The number of tigers is dangerously
low, and the conservation of the world's remaining tigers is of
global concern. Now, in this volume, 40 world authorities on tigers
from Asia, Europe, and North America have summarized and identified
the management, conservation, and research needs for this
endangered species.
Gazelles and their relatives are important game animals in Africa and Asia; they have been successfully introduced into the US and they are also kept in zoos throughout the world. The occurrence of territorial behavior and its importance for the reproduction of gazelles has been recognized for some time; thus specific information on their territorial behavior is desirable both for scientific and for practical reasons. This book provides the first concrete information on territory size and shape, duration of territorial periods, reoccupation of territories, phases of territoriality, the process of becoming territorial and of abandoning the territory, favorable and unfavorable environmental factors for territorial establishment, and territoriality as antagonist of migratory behavior. Also included are many previously unknown details of traditional territorial behavior, such as differences in the aggression of owners of territories toward (male) conspecifics of different age and social class, the structure of a marking system within a territory, etc.
Iguanas are large, primeval appearing animals that have always attracted considerable attention and sicentific study. The 30 species of iguanas are today collectively referred to as iguanines, or the subfamily Iguaninae, of the lizard family Iguanidae. This book is the result of a symposium of worldwide scientists on the world's iguanas that was held at a joint meeting of the Society of the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles and The Herpetologist's League. Over 30 recognized experts submitted their studies of these interesting reptiles, and have published what was once unknown and unpublished information. This book was a leader in its time, and still serves as a wonderful reference for scientist and student alike.
The latest research results on the roles of amino acid chelates in animal nutrition are covered in this book, with careful attention to scientific detail and accuracy. The book presents the work of 42 international contributors; and will interest nutritionists, veterinarians, and all those concerned with animal feeds and feeding programs -- particularly those supplying mineral supplements to the diet in a form which can be absorbed readily and digested properly.
Since the early 1940s, North America has been the focus of studies of free-ranging wolves. Much of Canada and most of Alaska support numerous, viable and sometimes thriving wolf populations. This comprehensive text considers the behavior and ecology of wild wolves in North America, Europe, Eurasia, Israel, and Iran. It also discusses wolf behavior in captivity and methods of conservation. This book and others in the Animal Science series have been used as textbooks in classrooms across the world.
The first major and most comprehensive synthesis of results from ecological, naturalistic behavioral, comparative psychological and humanoid language research on apes since the classic work, The Great Apes, by Robert M. and Ada Yerkes in 1929. Based on more than 1,360 references from scientific journals, monographs, symposium volumes and other public sources, the book contains a wealth of current information on the taxonomy, ecology, postural and locomotive behavior, natural communications, anmd social behavior of the apes. Topical discussions in the book are organized to show the extent of progress, including the development of new research questions, and the way our views of apes have changed as new information has become available since 1929.
This series of volumes represents a comprehensive and integrated
treatment of reproduction in vertebrates from fishes of all sorts
through mammals. It is designed to provide a readable, coordinated
description of reproductive basics in each group of vertebrates as
well as an introduction to the latest trends in reproductive
research and our understanding of reproductive events. Whereas each
chapter and each volume is intended to stand alone as a review of
that topic or vertebrate group, respectively, the volumes are
prepared so as to provide a thorough topical treatment across the
vertebrates. Terminology has been standardized across the volumes
to reduce confusion where multiple names exist in the literature,
and a comprehensive glossary of these terms and their alternative
names is provided.
A detailed study, with recommendations, on the housing, care and psychological well-being of captive and laboratory primates by 50 recognized contributors.
This edited volume in the Theoretical Ecology series addresses the
historical development and evolution of theoretical ideas in the
field of ecology. Not only does it recount the history of the
discipline by practitioners of the science of ecology, it includes
commentary on these historical reflections by philosophers of
science. Even though the theories discussed are, in many cases, are
at the forefront of research, the language and approach make this
material accessible to non-theoreticians. The book is structured in
5 major sections including population ecology, epidemiology,
community ecology, evolutionary biology and ecosystem ecology. In
each section a chapter by an eminent, experienced ecologist is
complemented by analysis from a newer, cutting-edge researcher.
The emerging multidisciplinary field of earth system science sets
out to improve our understanding functioning ecosystems, at a
global level across the entire planet. Stable Isotopes and
Biosphere - Atmosphere Interactions looks to one of its most
powerful tools - the application of stable isotope analyses - to
understanding biosphere-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse
gases, and synthesizes much of the recent progress in this work.
It is impossible to predict the exact behavior of all biological
systems and how these same systems are exemplified by patterns of
complexity and regularity. Decades of research in ecology have
documented how these sorts of patterns are the consequences of
deceptively simple rules that determine the nature of the patterns
created. Chaos in Ecology will explain how simple beginnings result
in complicated results.
Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and
Germination differs from all other books on seed germination. It is
an all-encompassing volume that provides a working hypothesis of
the ecological and environmental conditions under which various
kinds of seed dormancy have developed. It also presents information
on the seed germination of more than 3500 species of trees, shrubs,
vines and herbaceous species, making this a valuable reference for
anyone studying germination.
Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass
through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances
and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the
past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as
underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human
activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate.
This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine
mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects
these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient
noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity
of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are
also examined.
This book is written to serve as a general reference for biologists
and resource managers with relatively little statistical training.
It focuses on both basic concepts and practical applications to
provide professionals with the tools needed to assess monitoring
methods that can detect trends in populations. It combines
classical finite population sampling designs with population
enumeration procedures in a unified approach for obtaining
abundance estimates for species of interest. The statistical
information is presented in practical, easy-to-understand
terminology.
This book is an exploration of the latest insights into the theory
and functioning of plant resource allocation. An international team
of physiological ecologists has prepared chapters devoted to the
fundamental topics of resource allocation.
The use of DNA and other biological macromolecules has
revolutionized systematic studies of evolutionary history. Methods
that use sequences of nucleotides and amino acids are now routinely
used as data for addressing evolutionary questions that, although
not new questions, have defied description and analysis. The
world-renowned contributors use these new methods to unravel
particular aspects of the evolutionary history of birds. Avian
Molecular Evolution and Systematics presents an overview of the
theory and application of molecular systematics, focusing on the
phylogeny and evolutionary biology of birds. New, developing areas
in the phylogeny of birds at multiple taxonomic areas are covered,
as well as methods of analysis for molecular data, evolutionary
genetics within and between bird populations, and the application
of molecular-based phylogenies to broader questions of evolution.
To escape the constraints of water-bound reproduction, the first terrestrial vertebrates evolved a group of membranes that surround and protect developing embryos. The "amnion" is one of these membranes. It surrounds and protects in amniotic fluid, the developing embryos of birds, reptiles and mammals. Terrestrial vertebrates began to diversify and exploit their new habitats when the need to reproduce in water no longer dictated the course of their lives. Occurring in conjunction with this reproductive freedom was the evolution of non-permeable skin (to avoid cutaneous water loss), different less toxic forms of nitrogen waste and more efficient forms of locomotion and feeding. This text gives a detailed treatment of these and other changes that occurred as vertebrates completed the transition from aquatic to terrestrial life. It integrates modern systematic methods with studies of functional and physiological processes, and illustrates how studies of paleobiology can be illuminated by studies of neontology.
This practical book provides crucial information necessary to formulate diets with appropriate amounts of amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. The factors that influence how well animals obtain these critical nutrients and methods for determining bioavailability are reviewed in this comprehensive text. In addition, data from both ruminants and nonruminants are included as well as established estimates of bioavailability for particular feed stuffs and feed supplements.
Coniferous forests are among the most important of ecosystems. These forests are widespread and influence both the financial and biological health of our globe. This text focuses attention on conifers and how these trees acquire, allocate and utilize the resources that sustain this crucial productivity. An international team of experts has surveyed and synthesized the information from an expanding area of inquiry. The first half of the book describes how resources are acquired both by means of photosynthesis and through root systems. The latter half of the volume focuses upon how resources are stored and used. As conifers continue as a resource and ever increasingly important contributor to the regional and global environment sustainability, this book should help establish how much sustainability can be expected and maintained.
Conifers--pine, fir, and spruce trees--are dominant species in forests around the world. This book focuses on the physiology of conifers and how these physiological systems operate. Special consideration is devoted to the means by which ecophysiological processes influence organismal function and distribution. Chapters focus on the genetics of conifers, their geographic distribution and the factors that influence this distribution, the impact of insect herbivory on ecophysiological parameters, the effects of air pollution, and the potential impact that global climatic changes will have upon conifers. Because of the growing realization that forests have a crucial role to play in global environmental health, this book will appeal to a developing union of ecologists, physiologists and more theoretically minded foresters.
This book surveys the ways in which land dwelling arthropods deal
with water in terrestrial environments. From scorpion to beetle and
spider to hover fly, water is a crucial component of activity. This
new synthesis and integration of recent research summarizes the
ways water is managed by these diverse terrestrial invertebrates.
The mechanisms, processes and structures employed by arthropods
represent evolutionary innovations and compromises. Those
fascinated by the limitations and opportunities represented by
terrestrial lifestyles will want this new book.
This book explores ways in which systematic patterns are used to
infer evolutionary processes. Among evolutionary biologists and
systematists there is a constant interchange between those that
study the process of evolution (e.g., mutation, selection,
speciation) and those that study its patterns (e.g., variation,
geographic distribution, ontogeny, phylogeny). Because patterns
influence the development of theories, and processes yield
patterns, it is not always easy to distinguish one from another.
This book is dialectic and helps crystallize a continuing debate
over the relationship of patterns to process theories.
This book examines the differences and similarities in the earth
system components - the ocean, atmosphere, and the land - between
western portions of the northern and southern Western Hemispheres,
past, present, and projected. The book carefully examines the
physical and biological patterns and responses of given biomes, or
ecological communities in the two regions. Special emphasis is
placed on the relationship of physicial and biotic systems to
biogeochemistry and the evolving biota patterns of land margins and
surfaces. The text concludes with an assessment of the direct
impact on humans on these biomes, giving full consideration to the
land-use drivers of global change. |
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