The best protection against environmental mutagens is to identify
them before they ever come into general use. But it is always
possible that some substance will escape detection and affect a
large number of persons without this being realized until later
generations. This article considers ways in which such a genetic
emergency might be promptly detected. A mutation-detecting system
should be relevant in that it tests for effects that are as closely
related as possible to those that are feared. It should be
sensitive enough to detect a moderate increase in mutation rate,
able to discover the increase promptly before more damage is done,
responsive to various kinds of mutational events, and designed in
such a way as to maxi- mize the probability that the Gause of an
increase can be found. Methods based on germinal mutation
necessarily involve enormous numbers of persons and tests. On the
other hand, with somatic mutations the individual cell becomes the
unit of measurement rather than the in- dividual person. For this
reason, I think that somatic tests are preferable to germinal
tests, despite the fact that it is germinal mutations which are
feared.
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