Cadwallader Colden was a Scottish emigre to the American
colonies in the 18th century. Trained as a physician, he settled in
Philadelphia in 1710 to establish a medical practice. In 1718, he
was offered a minor administrative position in the Province of New
York, and thereafter he rose through a number of appointed offices,
culminating in that of lieutenant governor of the colony in the era
leading up to the American Revolution. As a public figure, he cast
his role as a loyal servant of the Crown and adamantly tried to
maintain the royal prerogative in the face of increasing
divisiveness and personal unpopularity. This legacy may have
largely overshadowed his more substantial and enduring
contributions in a range of intellectual and scientific fields,
including botanical investigation and classification; medical
writings; scientific treatises; philosophy; literature; and, to a
lesser extent, his writings on such topics as education, ethics,
and historiography.
Colden maintained an extensive correspondence with some of the
leading men of the times, including noted physicians, philosophers,
and scientists, both in the American colonies and in Europe. As
such, he did much to initiate and sustain that trans-Atlantic
community that served to enhance the values and achievements of the
Enlightenment in the American colonies of the 18th century. Colden
was the first in the colonies to introduce Linnaean classification,
the first to publish a work on Newtonian science in America, and
the first to write in English about the several tribes that were to
play a crucial role in the British-French imperial conflict,
particularly in New York. Hoermann hopes to correct a distortion in
the record of Colden's achievements that may have been the result
of his loyalist sympathies.
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