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The Evolution of Moral Progress - A Biocultural Theory (Hardcover)
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The Evolution of Moral Progress - A Biocultural Theory (Hardcover)
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In The Evolution of Moral Progress, Allen Buchanan and Russell
Powell resurrect the project of explaining moral progress. They
avoid the errors of earlier attempts by drawing on a wide range of
disciplines including moral and political philosophy, evolutionary
biology, evolutionary psychology, anthropology, history, and
sociology. Their focus is on one especially important type of moral
progress: gains in inclusivity. They develop a framework to explain
progress in inclusivity to also illuminate moral regression-the
return to exclusivist and "tribalistic" moral beliefs and
attitudes. Buchanan and Powell argue those tribalistic moral
responses are not hard-wired by evolution in human nature. Rather,
human beings have an evolved "adaptively plastic" capacity for both
inclusion and exclusion, depending on environmental conditions.
Moral progress in the dimension of inclusivity is possible, but
only to the extent that human beings can create environments
conducive to extending moral standing to all human beings and even
to some animals. Buchanan and Powell take biological evolution
seriously, but with a critical eye, while simultaneously
recognizing the crucial role of culture in creating environments in
which moral progress can occur. The book avoids both biological and
cultural determinism. Unlike earlier theories of moral progress,
their theory provides a naturalistic account that is grounded in
the best empirical work, and unlike earlier theories it does not
present moral progress as inevitable or as occurring in definite
stages; but rather it recognizes the highly contingent and fragile
character of moral improvement.
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