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Swarm Intelligence - From Social Bacteria to Humans (Paperback)
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Swarm Intelligence - From Social Bacteria to Humans (Paperback)
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The notion of swarm intelligence was introduced for describing
decentralized and self-organized behaviors of groups of animals.
Then this idea was extrapolated to design groups of robots which
interact locally to cumulate a collective reaction. Some natural
examples of swarms are as follows: ant colonies, bee colonies, fish
schooling, bird flocking, horse herding, bacterial colonies,
multinucleated giant amoebae Physarum polycephalum, etc. In all
these examples, individual agents behave locally with an emergence
of their common effect. An intelligent behavior of swarm
individuals is explained by the following biological reactions to
attractants and repellents. Attractants are biologically active
things, such as food pieces or sex pheromones, which attract
individuals of swarm. Repellents are biologically active things,
such as predators, which repel individuals of swarm. As a
consequence, attractants and repellents stimulate the directed
movement of swarms towards and away from the stimulus,
respectively. It is worth noting that a group of people, such as
pedestrians, follow some swarm patterns of flocking or schooling.
For instance, humans prefer to avoid a person considered by them as
a possible predator and if a substantial part of the group in the
situation of escape panic (not less than 5%) changes the direction,
then the rest follows the new direction, too. Some swarm patterns
are observed among human beings under the conditions of their
addictive behavior such as the behavior of alcoholics or gamers.
The methodological framework of studying swarm intelligence is
represented by unconventional computing, robotics, and cognitive
science. In this book we aim to analyze new methodologies involved
in studying swarm intelligence. We are going to bring together
computer scientists and cognitive scientists dealing with swarm
patterns from social bacteria to human beings. This book considers
different models of simulating, controlling, and predicting the
swarm behavior of different species from social bacteria to humans.
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