Master Sun's "The Art of War" is by no means the only ancient
Chinese treatise on military affairs. One chapter in the
"Huainanzi," an important compendium of philosophy and political
theory written in the second century B.C.E., synthesizes the entire
corpus of military literature inherited from the Chinese classical
era. Drawing on all major, existing military writings, as well as
other lost sources, it assesses tactics and strategy, logistics,
organization, and political economy, as well as cosmology and the
fundamental morality of warfare.
This powerful work set out to become the last word on military
matters, subsuming and replacing all preceding literature. Written
under the sponsorship of Liu An, king of Huainan, the "Huainanzi"'s
"military methods" emphasize the preservation of peace as the
ultimate value to be served by the military, insisting that the
army can be effectively and rightly used only when defending the
sacred hereditary position of the emperor and his vassals. This
position stands in stark contrast to that of "The Art of War,"
which prioritizes the enrichment and empowerment of the state. Liu
An's philosophy also argues that military success depends on the
personal cultivation of the commander and that deception is not
enough to secure victory. Only a commander with the exceptional
qualities of insight and cognition, developed through a program of
meditative practice and yogic refinement, can effectively control
and interpret the strategic situation. Andrew Seth Meyer offers
both a full translation of this text and an extensive analysis of
its historical context. His thorough treatment relates Liu An's
teachings to issues in Chinese philosophy, culture, religion, and
history, helping to interpret their uncommon message.
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