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Books > Social sciences > Politics & government > Political activism > Pressure groups & lobbying
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The Advisers - Scientists in the Policy Process (Paperback, New)
Loot Price: R838
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The Advisers - Scientists in the Policy Process (Paperback, New)
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America's governing system is unique in the extent to which
scientists and other outside experts participate in the policy
process. No other nation uses these experts so extensively, not
merely for advice on the allocation of resources to science but
also in broad policy issues. This wide-ranging study traces the
rise of scientists in the policy process and shows how outside
experts interrelate with politicians and administrators to produce
a unique and dynamic policy process. It also shows how the very
openness of American government creates the potential for unusual
conflicts of interest. Bruce Smith focuses on the experience of
agency and presidential-level advisory systems over the past
several decades. He chronicles the special complexities and
challenges resulting from the Federal Advisory Committee Act--the
"open meeting" law--to provide a better understanding of the role
of advisory committees and offers valuable lessons to guide their
future use. He looks at science advice in the Departments of
Defense, State, and Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency, and then
examines how science advisory mechanisms have worked at the White
House. Rather than simply providing a description of structures and
institutions, Smith shows the advisory systems in action--how
advisory systems work or fail to work in practice. He analyzes how
the advisers influence the policymaking process and affect the life
of the agencies they serve. Smith concludes with an assessment of
the relationship between science advice and American democracy. He
explains that the widespread use of outside advisers clearly
reflects America's preference forpluralism. By scrutinizing agency
plans, goals, and operations, advisers and advisory committees
serve a variety of functions and attempt to strike a balance
between openness and citizen access to government and the need for
discipline and sophisticated expertise in policymaking. At the root
of the advisory process is a paradox: scientists are called on
because of their special expertise, but they are useful only if
they learn to play by the rules of the political game. The
challenge to the nation is to reconcile the integrity of science
with the norms of democracy.
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