The promise of a vast and clean source of thermal power drove
physics research for over fifty years and has finally come to
collimation with the international consortium led by the European
Union and Japan, with an agreement from seven countries to build a
definitive test of fusion power in ITER. It happened because
scientists since the Manhattan project have envisioned controlled
nuclear fusion in obtaining energy with no carbon dioxide emissions
and no toxic nuclear waste products.This large toroidal magnetic
confinement ITER machine is described from confinement process to
advanced physics of plasma-wall interactions, where pulses erupt
from core plasma blistering the machine walls. Emissions from the
walls reduce the core temperature which must remain ten times
hotter than the 15 million degree core solar temperature to
maintain ITER fusion power. The huge temperature gradient from core
to wall that drives intense plasma turbulence is described in
detail.Also explained are the methods designed to limit the growth
of small magnetic islands, the growth of edge localized plasma
plumes and the solid state physics limits of the stainless steel
walls of the confinement vessel from the burning plasma. Designs of
the wall coatings and the special 'exhaust pipe' for spent hot
plasma are provided in two chapters. And the issues associated with
high-energy neutrons - about 10 times higher than in fission
reactions - and how they are managed in ITER, are detailed.
General
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