Trauma is defined as a sudden, potentially deadly experience, often
leaving lasting, troubling memories. Traumatology (the study of
trauma, its effects, and methods to modify effects) is exploding in
terms of published works and expanding in terms of scope.
Originally a narrow specialty within emergency medicine, the field
now extends to trauma psychology, military psychiatry and
behavioral health, post-traumatic stress and stress disorders,
trauma social work, disaster mental health, and, most recently, the
subfield of history and trauma, with sociohistorical examination of
long-term effects and meanings of major traumas experienced by
whole communities and nations, both natural (Pompeii, Hurricane
Katrina) and man-made (the Holocaust, 9/11). One reason for this
expansion involves important scientific breakthroughs in detecting
the neurobiology of trauma that is connecting biology with human
behavior, which in turn, is applicable to all fields involving
human thought and response, including but not limited to
psychiatry, medicine and the health sciences, the social and
behavioral sciences, the humanities, and law. Researchers within
these fields and more can contribute to a universal understanding
of immediate and long-term consequences-both good and bad-of
trauma, both for individuals and for broader communities and
institutions. Trauma encyclopedias published to date all center
around psychological trauma and its emotional effects on the
individual as a disabling or mental disorder requiring mental
health services. This element is vital and has benefited from
scientific and professional breakthroughs in theory, research, and
applications. Our encyclopedia certainly will cover this central
element, but our expanded conceptualization will include the other
disciplines and will move beyond the individual.
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