This volume begins by reviewing selected malignancies in which the
search for clinically relevant oncogenes has led to more focused
studies on gain-of-function and loss-of-function genetic
abnormalities, as well as autocrine and paracrine growth factor
loops known to regulate tumor physiology and malignant cell
behavior. Many of these genetic and functional abnormalities are
shared by several different tumor types and are not uniformly
present in all tumors of the same type. This observation brings up
molecular questions about the tissue-specific determinants that
underlie individual cancers and also gives added impetus to the
suggestion that molecular abnormalities (referred to as tumor
markers) be included among the histopathologic features used for
clinical diagnosis and management. The remainder of the volume
updates molecular mechanisms relating to select growth factor
systems, oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes introduced earlier
in the disease-oriented chapters. These reviews convey the
increasing fascination that comes with a greater understanding of
tumor physiology.They reveal, for instance, that tumor cells can
induce the secretion of paracrine growth factors from non-malignant
tissues, thus usurping normal genetic programs reserved for fetal
development or wound healing such as those that provide
neovascularization for a malignant tissue colony. The uncovering of
these subverted intercellular mechanisms, as well as the
constitutively stimulated intracellular signaling pathways
associated with activated oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor
genes, provide researchers with many new targets for the
development of more specific and less toxic anticancer agents. A
number of these novel gents are already in clinical test.
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