In 1791, General Arthur St. Clair led the United States army in a
campaign to destroy a complex of Indian villages at the Miami River
in northwestern Ohio. Almost within reach of their objective, St.
Clair's 1,400 men were attacked by about one thousand Indians. The
U.S. force was decimated, suffering nearly one thousand casualties
in killed and wounded, while Indian casualties numbered only a few
dozen. But despite the lopsided result, it wouldn't appear to carry
much significance; it involved only a few thousand people, lasted
less than three hours, and the outcome, which was never in doubt,
was permanently reversed a mere three years later. Neither an epic
struggle nor a clash that changed the course of history, the battle
doesn't even have a name.
Yet, as renowned Native American historian Colin Calloway
demonstrates here, St. Clair's Defeat--as it came to be known-- was
hugely important for its time. It was both the biggest victory the
Native Americans ever won, and, proportionately, the biggest
military disaster the United States had suffered. With the British
in Canada waiting in the wings for the American experiment in
republicanism to fail, and some regions of the West gravitating
toward alliance with Spain, the defeat threatened the very
existence of the infant United States. Generating a deluge of
reports, correspondence, opinions, and debates in the press, it
produced the first congressional investigation in American history,
while ultimately changing not only the manner in which Americans
viewed, raised, organized, and paid for their armies, but the very
ways in which they fought their wars.
Emphasizing the extent to which the battle has been overlooked in
history, Calloway illustrates how this moment of great victory by
American Indians became an aberration in the national story and a
blank spot in the national memory. Calloway shows that St. Clair's
army proved no match for the highly motivated and well-led Native
American force that shattered not only the American army but the
ill-founded assumption that Indians stood no chance against
European methods and models of warfare. An engaging and
enlightening read for American history enthusiasts and scholars
alike, The Victory withNo Name brings this significant moment in
American history back to light.
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