In 1791, General Arthur St. Clair led the United States army in a
campaign to destroy a complex of Indian villages at the Maumee
River in northwestern Ohio. Almost within reach of their objective,
St. Clair's 1,400 men were attacked by about one thousand Indians.
The U.S. force was decimated, suffering nearly one thousand
casualties in killed and wounded, while Indian casualties numbered
only a few dozen. But despite the lopsided result, it wouldn't
appear to carry much significance; it involved only a few thousand
people, lasted less than three hours, and the outcome, which was
never in doubt, was permanently reversed a mere three years later.
Neither an epic struggle nor a clash that changed the course of
history, the battle doesn't even have a name. Yet, as renowned
Native American historian Colin Calloway demonstrates here, St.
Clair's Defeat-as it came to be known- was hugely important for its
time. It was both the biggest victory the Native Americans ever
won, and, proportionately, the biggest military disaster the United
States had suffered. With the British in Canada waiting in the
wings for the American experiment in republicanism to fail, and
some regions of the West gravitating toward alliance with Spain,
the defeat threatened the very existence of the infant United
States. Generating a deluge of reports, correspondence, opinions,
and debates in the press, it produced the first congressional
investigation in American history, while ultimately changing not
only the manner in which Americans viewed, raised, organized, and
paid for their armies, but the very ways in which they fought their
wars. Emphasizing the extent to which the battle has been
overlooked in history, Calloway illustrates how this moment of
great victory by American Indians became an aberration in the
national story and a blank spot in the national memory. Calloway
shows that St. Clair's army proved no match for the highly
motivated and well-led Native American force that shattered not
only the American army but the ill-founded assumption that Indians
stood no chance against European methods and models of warfare. An
engaging and enlightening read for American history enthusiasts and
scholars alike, The Victory with No Name brings this significant
moment in American history back to light.
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