It follows the earliest struggle for liberty from slavery,when some
200,000 African American slaves and freemen fought on both sides in
return for the promise of freedom. Some, but pitifully few, did
achieve their freedom, though most returned to the lot that had
been dealt to them by their owners and the abolition of slavery did
not give them equality. The Spanish American War was followed
twenty years later by the "GreatWar" - the war to endall wars,
where over three hundred African American soldiers were awarded the
Croix deGuerre, France's highest award for valor, yet only one was
awarded the Medal of Honor by the United States - seventy-three
years after his death on the battlefield. World War II brought the
first-ever all-black-crewed fighter squadron, the 99th, followed by
the 332nd Fighter Group, the most highly decorated group of men in
their theaters of war. These men were also the catalyst of
political action to bring desegregation to the Armed Forces, by
means of President Harry Truman's Executive Order 9981, which
preceded the Civil Rights Act by twenty years. Since President
Lyndon Johnson's signing of the Civil Rights Act into law, we have
seen sometimes great, but faltering, steps forward. African
Americans have finally risen to the top in their chosen careers -
four-star generals, astronauts and ultimatelyan African American
President. This book is that story.
General
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