Previous scholarship on trials of war criminals focused on the
legal proceedings with only tacit acknowledgment of the political
and social context. Dean Aszkielowicz argues in The Australian
Pursuit of Japanese War Criminals, 1943-1957: From Foe to Friend
that the trials of Class B and Class C Japanese war criminals in
Australia were not only an attempt to punish Japan for its
militaristic ventures but also a move to exert influence over the
future course of Japanese society, politics, and foreign policy, as
well as to cement Australia's position in the Pacific region as a
major power. During the Allied occupation of Japan, Australia
energetically tried Japanese Class B and Class C war criminals.
However, as the Cold War intensified, Japan was increasingly seen
by the United States and its allies as a potential ally against
communism and was no longer considered a threat to Pacific
security. In the 1950s, concerns about the guilt of individual
Japanese soldiers made way for pragmatism and political gain when
the sentences of war criminals became a political bargaining chip.
General
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