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Books > Professional & Technical > Environmental engineering & technology > Sanitary & municipal engineering > Water supply & treatment
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Nutrient Farming and Traditional Removal (Paperback)
Loot Price: R3,368
Discovery Miles 33 680
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Nutrient Farming and Traditional Removal (Paperback)
Series: WERF Research Report Series
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The purpose of this study was to assess the economic feasibility of
using large-scale, restored wetlands to assist publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs) in meeting the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's (USEPA) recommended criteria for nutrients,
specifically, total nitrogen (2.18 mg/l) and total phosphorous
(0.076 mg/l). The assessment compares the cost of nutrient control
by advanced wastewater treatment technology to that of wetland
treatment technology. The comparison was based on several economic
factors: annual operating costs, average costs, marginal costs, and
present value. To explore the economic relationship between
wastewater and treatment wetlands and to quantify the magnitude of
wetland area needed, a case study was developed using the seven
water reclamation plants (WRPs) owned and operated by the
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC)
and proposed treatment wetlands located adjacent to the Illinois
River in the upper Illinois River watershed. Cost functions for
both technologies were developed. Using these functions, the
economic characteristics of the two technologies were compared
assuming, first, that the USEPA's proposed nutrient criteria would
be enacted as the enforceable water quality standard by the state
regulator, and, second, that a less stringent standard would be
established (3.0 mg/l TN and 1.0 mg/l TP). However, the USEPA's
phosphorus criterion was modified due to the technical difficulty
in achieving an effluent concentration of 0.076 mg/l TP. The more
stringent phosphorous criterion was set at 0.5 mg/l TP for this
comparison study. To meet the future nutrient criteria, the
physical facilities of the seven MWRDGC treatment plants must be
upgraded to incorporate biological nutrient removal (BNR)
technology. A detailed capital cost analysis for the addition of
BNR treatment, specifically the 5-stage Bardenpho (with methanol
addition), was performed by the MWRDGC for one of its larger WRPs,
Calumet. The capital costs for the other plants were estimated
using Calumet's cost formulas and prorated by the design flows. The
operating and maintenance (O&M) costs were estimated to add
approximately 50% to those for the conventional treatment currently
being employed by MWRDGC. The capital costs for upgrading the seven
WRPs with the Bardenpho system has been estimated at $1.6 billion
with the total present value cost at $2.5 billion.
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