In the last decades, a lot of effort has been directed towards
manipulation of turbulent boundary layers by passive devices such
as external manipulators (thin flat plates or aerofoil section
devices embedded in the outer layer) and/or internal manipulators
(small streamwise grooves acting directly on the inner region) for
the purpose of reducing viscous drag. The former are commonly
referred to as LEI3U s or BLADEs and the laHer riblets or grooves.
Though the details of the mechanisms are not firmly understood,
world-wide experimenta.! data are available and consistent enough
in order to assert the potential of such devices for turbulent drag
reduction. It should be noted that following on from recent and
successful flight tests, the concept of using grooved surfaces is
rather close to finding industrial applications. During the last
few years, in Europe, there has been considerable interest in
lookillg at the behaviour of such passi,'e turbulence manipulators.
A lot of intense research, concerning both experimental and
theoretical studies. has been carried out in some European research
centres. For the last fi\'e years. informal gatherings. called ,.\
\'orking Pi\l'ty i\Ieetings" , have been set up, once a year; the
aim of these meetings is not only to bring together European
researchers acti,'e in the field of turbulent drag reduction by
passi"e means and to hear about recent de\'c!opments but also to o
u t1 ine sui tit ble directions for future research or
collaborative programmes.
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