The first philosophy of technology, constructing humans as
technological and technology as an underpinning of all culture
Ernst Kapp was a foundational scholar in the fields of media theory
and philosophy of technology. His 1877 Elements of a Philosophy of
Technology is a visionary study of the human body and its
relationship with the world that surrounds it. At the book's core
is the concept of "organ projection"d: the notion that humans use
technology in an effort to project their organs to the outside, to
be understood as "the soul apparently stepping out of the body in
the form of a sending-out of mental qualities"into the world of
artifacts.Kapp applies this theory of organ projection to various
areas of the material world-the axe externalizes the arm, the lens
the eye, the telegraphic system the neural network. From the first
tools to acoustic instruments, from architecture to the steam
engine and the mechanic routes of the railway, Kapp's analysis
shifts from "simple"tools to more complex network technologies to
examine the projection of relations. What emerges from Kapp's
prophetic work is nothing less than the emergence of early elements
of a cybernetic paradigm.
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