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Citizen Subject - Foundations for Philosophical Anthropology (Paperback)
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Citizen Subject - Foundations for Philosophical Anthropology (Paperback)
Series: Commonalities
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What can the universals of political philosophy offer to those who
experience "the living paradox of an inegalitarian construction of
egalitarian citizenship"? Citizen Subject is the summation of
Etienne Balibar's career-long project to think the necessary and
necessarily antagonistic relation between the categories of citizen
and subject. In this magnum opus, the question of modernity is
framed anew with special attention to the self-enunciation of the
subject (in Descartes, Locke, Rousseau, and Derrida), the
constitution of the community as "we" (in Hegel, Marx, and
Tolstoy), and the aporia of the judgment of self and others (in
Foucualt, Freud, Kelsen, and Blanchot). After the "humanist
controversy" that preoccupied twentieth-century philosophy, Citizen
Subject proposes foundations for philosophical anthropology today,
in terms of two contrary movements: the becoming-citizen of the
subject and the becoming-subject of the citizen. The
citizen-subject who is constituted in the claim to a "right to have
rights" (Arendt) cannot exist without an underside that contests
and defies it. He-or she, because Balibar is concerned throughout
this volume with questions of sexual difference-figures not only
the social relation but also the discontent or the uneasiness at
the heart of this relation. The human can be instituted only if it
betrays itself by upholding "anthropological differences" that
impose normality and identity as conditions of belonging to the
community. The violence of "civil" bourgeois universality, Balibar
argues, is greater (and less legitimate, therefore less stable)
than that of theological or cosmological universality. Right is
thus founded on insubordination, and emancipation derives its force
from otherness. Ultimately, Citizen Subject offers a revolutionary
rewriting of the dialectic of universality and differences in the
bourgeois epoch, revealing in the relationship between the common
and the universal a political gap at the heart of the universal
itself.
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