Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), one of the founding figures of
vertebrate palaeontology, pursued a successful scientific career
despite the political upheavals in France during his lifetime. In
the 1790s, Cuvier's work on fossils of large mammals including
mammoths enabled him to show that extinction was a scientific fact.
In 1812 Cuvier published this four-volume illustrated collection of
his papers on palaeontology, osteology and stratigraphy. It was
followed in 1817 by his famous Le regne animal, available in the
Cambridge Library Collection both in French and in Edward
Griffith's expanded English translation (1827-35). Volume 2 of
Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles describes eleven species of
pachyderm found in recent alluvial deposits. They include
elephants, mastodons, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, tapir and the hyrax
(which Cuvier classified as an ungulate rather than a rodent).
Cuvier argued from osteological comparisons with living species
that all should be considered distinct species in their own right.
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