This book explores the importance of cross-linguistic similarity in
foreign language learning. While linguists have primarily focussed
upon differences between languages, learners strive to make use of
any similarities to prior linguistic knowledge they can perceive.
The role of positive transfer is emphasized as well as the
essential differences between comprehension and production. In
comprehension of related languages, cross-linguistic similarities
are easily perceived while in comprehension of distant languages
they are merely assumed. Production may be based on previous
perception of similarities, but frequently similarities are here
merely assumed. Initially, effective learning is based on quick
establishment of cross-linguistic one-to-one relations between
individual items. As learning progresses, the learner learns to
modify such oversimplified relations. The book describes the ways
in which transfer affects different areas of language, taking
account of the differences between learning a language perceived to
be similar and a language where few or no cross-linguistic
similarities can be established.
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