Plant organelles have intrigued biologists since the discovery of
their endosymbiontic origin and maternal inheritance. The first
application of organelle biotechnology was the role of cytoplasmic
male sterility in hybrid seed production and "Green Revolution." In
modern times, plant organelles are again leading the way for the
creation of genetically modified crops. On a global scale, 75% of
GM crops are engineered for herbicide resistance and most of these
herbicides target pathways that reside within plastids. Several
thousand proteins are imported into chloroplasts that participate
in biosynthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, pigments, nucleotides
and numerous metabolic pathways including photosynthesis. Thus,
from green revolution to golden rice, plant organelles have played
a critical role in revolutionizing agriculture.
This book details not only basic concepts and current
understanding of plant organelle genetics and molecular biology but
also focuses on the synergy between basic biology and
biotechnology. Forty four authors from nine countries have
contributed twenty four chapters containing many figures and
tables. Section 1 on organelle genomes and proteomes discusses
molecular features of plastid and mitochondrial genomes,
evolutinary origins, somatic and sexual inheritance, proteomics,
bioinformatics and functional genomics. Section 2 on organelle gene
expression and signalling discusses transcription, translation, RNA
processing/editing, introns and splicing, protein synthesis,
proteolysis, import of proteins into chloroplast and mitochondria
and their regulation. Section 3 on organelle biotechnology
discusses chloroplast and nuclear genetic engineering
forbiotic/abiotic stress tolerance, improved fatty acid/amino acid
biosynthesis, biopharmaceuticals, biopolymers and biomaterials,
cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed production, plant
improvement and restoration of fertility.
This book is designed to serve as a comprehensive volume and
reference guide for teachers, advanced undergraduates and graduate
students and researchers in plant molecular biology and
biotechnology.
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