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Adam Ferguson in the Scottish Enlightenment - The Roman Past and Europe's Future (Hardcover)
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Adam Ferguson in the Scottish Enlightenment - The Roman Past and Europe's Future (Hardcover)
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Although overshadowed by his contemporaries Adam Smith and David
Hume, the Scottish philosopher Adam Ferguson strongly influenced
eighteenth-century currents of political thought. A major
reassessment of this neglected figure, Adam Ferguson in the
Scottish Enlightenment: The Roman Past and Europe's Future sheds
new light on Ferguson as a serious critic, rather than an advocate,
of the Enlightenment belief in liberal progress. Unlike the
philosophes who looked upon Europe's growing prosperity and saw
confirmation of a utopian future, Ferguson saw something else: a
reminder of Rome's lesson that egalitarian democracy could become a
self-undermining path to dictatorship. Ferguson viewed the
intrinsic power struggle between civil and military authorities as
the central dilemma of modern constitutional governments. He
believed that the key to understanding the forces that propel
nations toward tyranny lay in analysis of ancient Roman history. It
was the alliance between popular and militaristic factions within
the Roman republic, Ferguson believed, which ultimately
precipitated its downfall. Democratic forces, intended as a means
of liberation from tyranny, could all too easily become the engine
of political oppression-a fear that proved prescient when the
French Revolution spawned the expansionist wars of Napoleon. As
Iain McDaniel makes clear, Ferguson's skepticism about the ability
of constitutional states to weather pervasive conditions of warfare
and emergency has particular relevance for twenty-first-century
geopolitics. This revelatory study will resonate with debates over
the troubling tendency of powerful democracies to curtail civil
liberties and pursue imperial ambitions.
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