This paper reviews some of the important technical barriers that
must be overcome to achieve truly efficient flying adaptive micro
air vehicles (MAVs). As defined by the Defense Advanced Research
Agency (DARPA), MAVs are vehicles with no length dimension greater
than 6 inches. These vehicles typically weigh less than 100 grams
and some can fly for approximately 30 minutes. Over the past decade
significant progress has been made in developing these small-scale
mechanical flying machines. However, there is still much work to be
done if these vehicles are to approach the efficiency and
performance of biological fliers. This paper reviews the status of
current miniature mechanical flying machines and compares their
performance with common biological flyers such as birds, and small
insects. This comparison reveals that advances in aerodynamic
efficiency, lightweight and adaptive wing structures, energy
conversion/propulsion systems and flight control are required to
match or exceed the performance of natureaEURO (TM)s great flyers.
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