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Uses of Electrical Stimulation for Digestive and Endocrine Surgeons (Paperback)
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Uses of Electrical Stimulation for Digestive and Endocrine Surgeons (Paperback)
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The use of electrical stimulators with medical aims has increased
exponentially in the last years. The uses are very different.
Though the most widely known are referred to as the approaches
performed by neurosurgeons, evidence has recently appeared,
supporting its use by many other medical specialties. Electrical
stimulation can be applied transcutaneously (TENS) or
percutaneously (PENS). The target of electrical stimulation can be
a nerve, inducing electric conductivity and finally acting over the
innervated structure, which is activated, or starting a reflex with
the involvement of the spinal cord. The stimulation can also act
directly over a muscle, inducing a contraction. The effects of
electrical stimulation are very diverse, ranging from the
development of an artificial reflex and consequently activating the
stomach, the pancreas or a sphincter, to a continuous muscular
contraction, provoking hypertrophia of the structure and
hyperfunction, or to the identification of a laryngeal recurrent
nerve during a thyroidectomy, avoiding its damage. Moreover,
electrical stimulation has been also used to reduce the feeling of
pain, as the stimulation of somatic fibers somehow masks the
transmission of nociceptive ones. The aim of this book is to revise
the actual evidence about the different uses of electrical
stimulation by digestive and endocrine surgeons.
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