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Sweet Fuel - A Political and Environmental History of Brazilian Ethanol (Hardcover)
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Sweet Fuel - A Political and Environmental History of Brazilian Ethanol (Hardcover)
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As the hazards of carbon emissions increase and governments around
the world seek to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, the search for
clean and affordable alternate energies has become an increasing
priority in the twenty-first century. However, one nation has
already been producing such a fuel for almost a century: Brazil.
Its sugarcane-based ethanol is the most efficient biofuel on the
global fuel market, and the South American nation is the largest
biofuel exporter in the world. Sweet Fuel offers the first full
historical account of the industry's origins. The Brazilian
government mandated a mixture of ethanol in the national fuel
supply in the 1930s, and the success of the program led the
military dictatorship to expand the industry and create the
national program Proalcool in 1975. Private businessmen,
politicians, and national and international automobile
manufacturers together leveraged national interests to support this
program. By 1985, over 95% of all new cars in the country ran
exclusively on ethanol, and, after consumers turned away from them
when oil was cheap, the government successfully promoted flex fuel
cars instead. Yet, as Jennifer Eaglin shows, the industry's growth
came with associated environmental and social costs in the form of
water pollution from liquid waste generated during ethanol
distillation and exploitative rural labor practices that reshaped
Brazil's countryside. By examining the shifting perceptions of the
industry from a sugar byproduct to a national energy solution to a
global clean energy option, Sweet Fuel ultimately reveals deeper
truths about what a global large-scale transition away from fossil
fuels might look like and challenges idealized views of green
industries.
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