Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus), ca. 345-420, of Stridon,
Dalmatia, son of Christian parents, at Rome listened to
rhetoricians, legal advocates, and philosophers, and in 360 was
baptized by Pope Liberius. He travelled widely in Gaul and in Asia
Minor; and turned in the years 373-379 to hermetic life in Syria.
Ordained presbyter at Antioch in 379 he went to Constantinople, met
Gregory of Nazianzus and advanced greatly in scholarship. He was
called to Rome in 382 to help Pope Damasus, at whose suggestion he
began his revision of the Old Latin translation of the Bible (which
came to form the core of the Vulgate version). Meanwhile he taught
scripture and Hebrew and monastic living to Roman women. Wrongly
suspected of luxurious habits, he left Rome (now under Pope
Siricius) in 385, toured Palestine, visited Egypt, and then settled
in Bethlehem, presiding over a monastery and (with help)
translating the Old Testament from Hebrew. About 394 he met
Augustine. He died on 30 September 420.
Jerome's letters constitute one of the most notable collections
in Latin literature. They are an essential source for our knowledge
of Christian life in the fourth-fifth centuries; they also provide
insight into one of the most striking and complex personalities of
the time. Seven of the eighteen letters in this selection deal with
a primary interest of Jerome's: the morals and proper role of
women. The most famous letter here fervently extols virginity.
General
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