Psychophysical theory exists in two distinct forms -- one ascribes
the explanation of phenomena and empirical laws to sensory
processes. Context effects arising through the use of particular
methods are an unwanted nuisance whose influence must be eliminated
so that one isolates the "true" sensory scale. The other considers
psychophysics only in terms of cognitive variables such as the
judgment strategies induced by instructions and response biases.
Sensory factors play a minor role in cognitive approaches.
This work admits the validity of both forms of theory by arguing
that the same empirical phenomena should be conceptualized in two
alternative, apparently contradictory, ways. This acceptance of
opposites is necessary because some empirical phenomena are best
explained in terms of sensory processes, while others are best
ascribed to central causes.
The complementarity theory stresses the "mutually completing"
nature of two distinct models. The first assigns importance to
populations of sensory neurons acting in the aggregate and is
formulated to deal with sensory effects. The second assigns
importance to judgment uncertainty and to the subject strategies
induced by experimental procedures. This model is formulated to
explain context effects. Throughout the text, the exposition is
interlaced with mathematics, graphs, and computer simulations
designed to reveal the complementary nature of psychophysical
explanations.
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