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Conflict Resolution of the Boruca Hydro-Energy Project - Renewable Energy Production in Costa Rica (Paperback, NIPPOD)
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Conflict Resolution of the Boruca Hydro-Energy Project - Renewable Energy Production in Costa Rica (Paperback, NIPPOD)
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Conflict Resolution of the Boruca Hydro-Energy Project is a case
study that aims to profile best practices for sustainable
development, indigenous human rights, and conflict resolution. In
2003, a joint project was developed between the United Nations
University of Peace and the International Peace and Conflict
Resolution program at Arcadia University to study the Boruca
hydroelectrical conflict in Costa Rica. The aim was to bring
together theory and practice and to reveal the link between peace
and conflict resolution and sustainable development. Through
partnerships with the Kan Tan Ecological Project and the indigenous
communities in the region, and field studies to the Inter-American
Court of Human Rights and local Civil Society Organizations,
faculty and students utilized the mediation framework to identify
the needs and interests of the primary conflict stakeholders.
Conflict Resolution of the Boruca Hydro-Energy Project represents
the culmination of this fieldwork and tests the mediation framework
as suitable model for the resolution of environmental conflicts in
Latin America. The Boruca project, proposed in the 1970s by the
state-run corporation Instituto Costarricense De Electridad (ICE),
will build a dam in the Boruca Canyon, changing the flow of the
Terraba River and creating an artificial lake of 25.000 hectares.
The largest of its kind in Central America, this project will
generate approximately 1,500 megawatts and increase Costa Rica's
energy production capability by as much as 50%. For ICE, not only
will the project satisfy national electrical demand, it will also
stimulate economic growth, assist in the development of new
technological corridors and new tourism projects, increase
employment opportunities, and improve the quality of life for
indigenous peoples living in Boruca area. For the indigenous
population, however, the project represents a violation of their
fundamental human rights since it will force the relocation of
2,000 to 3,000 indigenous peoples, flood areas of archeological and
cultural significance to them, and affect their livelihood due to
the resulting changes in the biodiversity. They also fear the
social and environmental impacts of more tourism in the area. The
increasingly dysfunctional communication between the Boruca people
and ICE over the past 30 years has led to a breakdown of trust and
a stalling of the project's development. Conflict Resolution of the
Boruca Hydro-Energy Project follows these conflicts and the process
by which the government-owned utility tried to find common ground
between all stakeholders. Ultimately, it tests the mediation
framework as an appropriate approach to the resolution of
development conflicts, exploring the transferability of this
approach to other countries in Latin America. This case study
provides unique insights into Latin American environmental and
development politics and will be of interest to any student,
faculty, or policymaker looking to assess the mediation framework.
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