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Language and the Structure of Berkeley's World (Hardcover)
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Language and the Structure of Berkeley's World (Hardcover)
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According to George Berkeley (1685-1753), there is fundamentally
nothing in the world but minds and their ideas. Ideas are
understood as pure phenomenal 'feels' which are momentarily had by
a single perceiver, then vanish. Surprisingly, Berkeley tries to
sell this idealistic philosophical system as a defense of
common-sense and an aid to science. However, both common-sense and
Newtonian science take the perceived world to be highly structured
in a way that Berkeley's system does not appear to allow. Kenneth
L. Pearce argues that Berkeley's solution to this problem lies in
his innovative philosophy of language. The solution works at two
levels. At the first level, it is by means of our conventions for
the use of physical object talk that we impose structure on the
world. At a deeper level, the orderliness of the world is explained
by the fact that, according to Berkeley, the world itself is a
discourse 'spoken' by God - the world is literally an object of
linguistic interpretation. The structure that our physical object
talk - in common-sense and in Newtonian physics - aims to capture
is the grammatical structure of this divine discourse. This
approach yields surprising consequences for some of the most
discussed issues in Berkeley's metaphysics. Most notably, it is
argued that, in Berkeley's view, physical objects are neither ideas
nor collections of ideas. Rather, physical objects, like forces,
are mere quasi-entities brought into being by our linguistic
practices.
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