This thesis contains new research in both experimental and
theoretical particle physics, making important contributions in
each. Two analyses of collision data from the ATLAS experiment at
the LHC are presented, as well as two phenomenological studies of
heavy coloured resonances that could be produced at the
LHC. The first data analysis was the measurement of top
quark-antiquark production with a veto on additional jet activity.
As the first detector-corrected measurement of jet activity in
top-antitop events it played an important role in constraining the
theoretical modelling, and ultimately reduced these uncertainties
for ATLAS's other top-quark measurements by a factor of two. The
second data analysis was the measurement of Z+2jet production and
the observation of the electroweak vector boson fusion (VBF)
component. As the first observation of VBF at a hadron collider,
this measurement demonstrated new techniques to reliably extract
VBF processes and paved the way for future VBF Higgs
measurements. The first phenomenological study developed a
new technique for identifying the colour of heavy resonances
produced in proton-proton collisions. As a by-product of this study
an unexpected and previously unnoticed correlation was discovered
between the probability of correctly identifying a high-energy top
and the colour structure of the event it was produced in. The
second phenomenological study explored this relationship in more
detail, and could have important consequences for the
identification of new particles that decay to top quarks.
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