This remarkable collection of letters reveals the debate over
universal human rights. Prominent mid-twentieth-century
intellectuals and leaders-including Gandhi, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden,
Aldous Huxley, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Arnold Schoenberg-engaged with
the question of universal human rights. Letters to the Contrary
presents the foundation of the intellectual struggles and
ideological doubts still present in today's human rights debates.
Since its adoption in 1948, historians and human rights scholars
have claimed that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was
influenced by UNESCO's 1947-48 global survey of intellectuals,
theologians, and cultural and political leaders, that supposedly
demonstrated a truly universal consensus on human rights. Based on
meticulous archival research, Letters to the Contrary provides a
curated history of the UNESCO human rights survey and demonstrates
its relevance to contemporary debates over the origins, legitimacy,
and universality of human rights. In collecting, annotating, and
analyzing these responses, including letters and responses that
were omitted and polite refusals to respond, Mark Goodale shows
that the UNESCO human rights survey was much less than supposed,
but also much more. In many ways, the intellectual struggles, moral
questions, and ideological doubts among the different participants
who both organized and responded to the survey reveal a strikingly
critical and contemporary orientation, raising similar questions at
the center of current debates surrounding human rights scholarship
and practice. This volume contains letters and survey responses
from Jacques Havet, Jacques Maritain, Arnold J. Lien, Richard P.
Mckeon, Quincy Wright, Levi Carneiro, Arthur H. Compton, Charles E.
Merriam, Lewis Mumford, E. H. Carr, John Lewis, Harold J. Laski,
Serge Hessen, John Somerville, Boris Tchechko, Luc Somerhausen,
Hyman Levy, Ture Nerman, R. Palme Dutt, Maurice Dobb, Pierre
Teilhard De Chardin, Marcel De Corte, Pedro Troncoso Sanchez,
Mahatma Gandhi, Chung-Shu Lo, Kurt Riezler, Inocenc Arnost Blaha,
Hubert Frere, M. Nicolay, W. Albert Noyes, Jr., Aldous Huxley,
Ralph W. Gerard, Johannes M. Burgers, Humayun Kabir, A. P. Elkin,
S. V. Puntambekar, Leonard Barnes, Benedetto Croce, Jean Haesart,
F. S. C. Northrop, Peter Skov, Emmanuel Mounier, Maurice Webb, John
Macmurray, Julius Moor, L. Horvath, Alfred Weber, Don Salvador De
Madariaga, Frank R. Scott, Jawaharlal Nehru, Margery Fry, Isaac
Leon Kandel, Rene Maheu, Albert Szent-Gyoergyi, Morris L. Ernst,
Arnold Schoenberg, W. H. Auden, Melville Herskovits, Theodore
Johannes Haarhoff, Ernest Henry Burgmann, Herbert Read, and T. S.
Eliot.
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