Today, computers fulfil a dazzling array of roles, a flexibility
resulting from the great range of programs that can be run on
them.
"A Science of Operations" examines the history of what we now
call programming, defined not simply as "computer" programming, but
more broadly as the definition of the steps involved in
computations and other information-processing activities. This
unique perspective highlights how the history of programming is
distinct from the history of the computer, despite the close
relationship between the two in the 20th century. The book also
discusses how the development of programming languages is related
to disparate fields which attempted to give a mechanical account of
language on the one hand, and a linguistic account of machines on
the other.
Topics and features: Covers the early development of automatic
computing, including Babbage's "mechanical calculating engines" and
the applications of punched-card technology, examines the
theoretical work of mathematical logicians such as Kleene, Church,
Post and Turing, and the machines built by Zuse and Aiken in the
1930s and 1940s, discusses the role that logic played in the
development of the stored program computer, describes the "standard
model" of machine-code programming popularised by Maurice Wilkes,
presents the complete table for the universal Turing machine in the
Appendices, investigates the rise of the initiatives aimed at
developing higher-level programming notations, and how these came
to be thought of as 'languages' that could be studied independently
of a machine, examines the importance of the Algol 60 language, and
the framework it provided for studying the design of programming
languages and the process of software development and explores the
early development of object-oriented languages, with a focus on the
Smalltalk project.
This fascinating text offers a new viewpoint for historians of
science and technology, as well as for the general reader. The
historical narrative builds the story in a clear and logical
fashion, roughly following chronological order.
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