In "Reconstructing the Cognitive World," Michael Wheeler argues
that we should turn away from the generically Cartesian
philosophical foundations of much contemporary cognitive science
research and proposes instead a Heideggerian approach. Wheeler
begins with an interpretation of Descartes. He defines Cartesian
psychology as a conceptual framework of explanatory principles and
shows how each of these principles is part of the deep assumptions
of orthodox cognitive science (both classical and connectionist).
Wheeler then turns to Heidegger's radically non-Cartesian account
of everyday cognition, which, he argues, can be used to articulate
the philosophical foundations of a genuinely non-Cartesian
cognitive science. Finding that Heidegger's critique of Cartesian
thinking falls short, even when supported by Hubert Dreyfus's
influential critique of orthodox artificial intelligence, Wheeler
suggests a new Heideggerian approach. He points to recent research
in "embodied-embedded" cognitive science and proposes a
Heideggerian framework to identify, amplify, and clarify the
underlying philosophical foundations of this new work. He focuses
much of his investigation on recent work in artificial
intelligence-oriented robotics, discussing, among other topics, the
nature and status of representational explanation, and whether (and
to what extent) cognition is computation rather than a
noncomputational phenomenon best described in the language of
dynamical systems theory.
Wheeler's argument draws on analytic philosophy, continental
philosophy, and empirical work to "reconstruct" the philosophical
foundations of cognitive science in a time of a fundamental shift
away from a generically Cartesian approach. His analysis
demonstrates that Heideggerian continental philosophy and
naturalistic cognitive science need not be mutually exclusive and
shows further that a Heideggerian framework can act as the
"conceptual glue" for new work in cognitive science.
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