As much by chance as by design, the present volume comes closer to
having a single theme than any of our earlier volumes. That theme
is the properties of nuclear strength functions or, alternatively,
the problem of line spreading. The line spreading or strength
function concepts are essential for the nucleus because of its many
degrees of freedom. The description of the nucleus is approached by
using model wave functions-for example, the shell model or the
collective model-in which one has truncated the number of degrees
of freedom. The question then is how closely do the model wave
functions correspond to the actual nuclear wave functions which
enjoy all the degrees of freedom of the nuclear Hamiltonian? More
precisely, one views the model wave functions as vectors in a
Hilbert space and one views the actual wave functions as vectors
spanning another, larger Hilbert space. Then the question is: how
is a single-model wave function (or vector) spread among the
vectors corresponding to the actual wave functions? As an example
we consider a model state which is a shell-model wave function with
a single nucleon added to a closed shell. Such a model state is
called a single-particle wave function. At the energy of the
single-particle waVe function one of the actual nuclear wave
functions may resemble the single-particle wave function closely.
General
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