Arising no doubt from its pre-eminence as a natural liquid, water
has always been considered by chemists as the original solvent in
which very varied chemical reactions can take place, both for
preparational and for analytical purposes. This explains the very
long-standing interest shown in the study of aqueous solutions. In
this con nection, it must be stressed that the theory of Arrhenius
and Ostwald (1887-1894) on electrolytic dissociation, was
originally devised solely for solutions in water and that the first
true concept of acidity resulting from this is linked to the use of
this solvent. The more recent development of numerous
physico-chemical measurement methods has made possible an increase
of knowledge in this area up to an extremely advanced degree of
systematization. Thus today we have available both a very large
amount of experimental data, together with very refined methods of
deduction and of quantitative treatment of chemical reactions in
solution which enable us to make the fullest use of this data.
Nevertheless, . it appears quite evident at present that there are
numerous chemical processes which cannot take place in water, and
that its use as a solvent imposes 2 INTRODUCTION limitations. In
order to overcome these limitations, it was natural that interest
should be attracted to solvents other than water and that the new
possibilities thus opened up should be explored."
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