Just as the steam engine was the driving force behind the
Industrial Revolution, today, broadband Internet is seen as
critical to the transition of knowledge-intensive economies across
the world. As a general purpose technology, broadband Internet is
considered a fundamental driver of economic growth and social
development, releasing the innovative potential and energy of
previously disenfranchised members of the population. Many of the
countries in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) now
recognize that broadband Internet is crucial to their efforts to
reduce poverty and create job opportunities, especially for their
young populations and for women. Broadband Networks in the Middle
East and North Africa re-emphasizes the important contribution that
broadband Internet can make and assesses the status of existing
nfrastructure in at least 18 MENA countries. While there is
significant potential across the region, the take-up of broadband
Internet has been slow and the price of broadband service is high
in many countries. In large part, this stems from market structures
that, too often, reflect the past when telecommunications were
treated as a monopoly utility service. The report finds that there
are gaps in infrastructure regionally with no connectivity between
neighboring countries in some cases. Similarly, there are gaps
within countries exacerbating the (digital) divide between rural
and urban areas. "Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North
Africa" examines the regulatory and market bottlenecks that are
hampering the growth of the Internet in these and other MENA
countries: the five North African countries (Algeria, Egypt,
Morocco, Libya, Tunisia); the six Mashreq countries (the Islamic
Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank
and Gaza economy); the six Gulf countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates); and Djibouti and
the Republic of Yemen. Last, the report provides policy and
regulatory options for increasing effective use of existing fixed
and mobile infrastructure as well as alternative infrastructure
networks such as power grids and railroads. It explains the
benefits of effective cross-sector infrastructure construction
frameworks, highlighting the need to adjust market structures to
foster competitive behavior among service providers to bring down
prices and stimulate the demand for value-added services to drive
future broadband development.
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