In the early nineteenth century, live plant cuttings were commonly
transported between continents in wooden boxes exposed to the
elements on the decks of ships; unsurprisingly, it was rare for
them to arrive in good health. The glass cases devised by Nathaniel
Bagshaw Ward (1791-1868) were a revolutionary step forward in
preserving botanical specimens. In this monograph, first published
in 1842, Ward explores some of the most common causes of plant
deaths in cities and aboard ships, including air quality and
temperature. Most importantly, he emphasises the need for light.
Although photosynthesis would not be chemically understood until
later that century, Ward recognised that a glass case was
infinitely preferable to an opaque one. His rapidly adopted
invention would have far-reaching effects, allowing for the safe
transportation of tea from China to the Himalayas, rubber from the
Amazon and medicinal species from the Andes to India.
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