Are words really so determined by rules that, as Leonard Bloomfield
once argued in defence of the "morpheme-based" morphology, "word
forms are analysed as arrangements of morphemes", such that there
are "rules to combine morphemes into word forms, or to generate
word forms from stems "? (WK 2012) But there is an opposing
approach to morphology known as the "word-based" morphology, which
"takes paradigms as a central notion", in that it "states
generalisations" which categorise "words based on the pattern they
fit into. This applies both to existing words and to new ones.
Application of a pattern different from the one that has been used
historically can give rise to a new word", (WK 2012) Contrary to
these opposing approaches (and other ones as will be discussed in
the book), morphology (in relation to both typologies and rules)
are neither possible (or impossible) nor desirable (or undesirable)
to the extent that the respective ideologues (on different sides)
would like us to believe. Of course, this questioning of the
opposing approaches to morphology does not mean that morphology is
worthless, or that those fields (related to morphology) like
morphophonology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics, anthropological
linguistics, etymology, sociolinguistics, computational
linguistics, evolutionary linguistics, philosophy of language,
neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and so on are unimportant.
Needless to say, neither of these extreme views is reasonable.
Instead, this book offers an alternative (better) way to understand
the future of morphology, especially in the dialectic context of
typologies and rules -- while learning from different approaches in
the literature but without favouring any one of them (nor
integrating them, since they are not necessarily compatible with
each other). More specifically, this book offers a new theory (that
is, the fusional theory of morphology) to go beyond the existing
approaches in a novel way. If successful, this seminal project is
to fundamentally change the way that we think about morphology in
relation to typologies and rules from the combined perspectives of
the mind, nature, society, and culture, with enormous implications
for the human future and what I originally called its "post-human"
fate.
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