Cleaner production is defined as the continuous application of an
integrated preventive strategy for environmental protection in the
developmental processes applied to products and services in
industries & business organizations to increase overall
efficiency and reduce risks to humans (consumers and industrial
workers) and the environment from the hazardous chemicals and
materials used in the production process. Cleaner production
requires applying know-how, improving technology and changing
attitudes. Since 1950, there has been a tremendous increase in the
production of diverse chemicals to satisfy our demands for consumer
goods. According to the UNEP, worldwide nearly 80,000 chemicals are
used every day and about 1500 new chemicals are added every year. A
green chemistry movement is going on to develop environmentally
benign chemicals and chemical processes to be applied in chemical
industries and industries depending on chemicals such as paper,
plastic, textile, dyeing, printing, photography, agriculture, and
electronics. Clean air, water and food are the basis of life on
earth. Combustion of fossil fuels in industries, for power
generation and in automobiles is the major source (90-95 %) of
chemical air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Promotion of
solar, wind, and hydrogen fuel technology will completely eliminate
them. Chemically grown foods by agrochemicals are badly affecting
human health. Some 25 million farmers are poisoned by pesticides,
and some 10 to 20 thousand die every year from this. US scientists
predict up to 20,000 Americans may die of cancer every year, due to
low levels of residual pesticides in chemically grown foods. Hence,
producing chemical-free foods by organic farming using
biofertilizers and biopesticides is the only hope for civilization.
Earthworms (Charles Darwins friends of farmers) & its
vermicompost (produced from Organic wastes) promote high crop
growth and also protect from pests and diseases. Earthworms can
also clean (detoxify and disinfect) polluted lands and wastewater.
Potable water is a vanishing resource on Earth. Since 1950, global
water use has more than tripled. Out of total water available on
Earth, 97.5 % is saline. Nearly 2 % is frozen in polar icecaps
& mountains. Only less than 1 % of groundwater and surface
water is usable as potable water. Desalination technology to clean
seawater into drinkable water is the only hope for civilization.
Eco-efficiency in use of raw materials, water and energy resources
is also important because the natural resources of Earth are
finite, and their demand is getting infinite with an increasing
population and growing consumerism all over world. Eco-efficiency
will also reduce waste and pollution, and GHG emissions with
economic gains for the industries. UNEP has pioneered the promotion
of cleaner production philosophy. It called for all national
governments for a long-term action plan to incorporate
environmental concerns and problems, focusing on cleaner production
into their educational curricula, especially in engineering and
business management courses. Additionally, it called for the
incorporation of developmental policies enacted for industries and
business organizations. A joint Indo-Australian bilateral meeting
on a clean development mechanism was organized in New Delhi in
2001.
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