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Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (Paperback)
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Psychological Issues in Eyewitness Identification (Paperback)
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Why do police officers, investigators, prosecutors, judges, and
others with an interest in eliciting accurate memory-based
testimony need to inform themselves of the research literature in
experimental psychology that addresses the question of witness
memory? The answer is straightforward, from the perspective of a
simple cost/benefit analysis. As with so many matters in the
administration of public funds, effectiveness holds important
rewards. Those who investigate crimes and decide which line of
investigation to pursue and which line to postpone or set aside,
necessarily make judgments about the likely guilt of suspects based
on the information at hand. If they can make these judgments with a
high degree of accuracy, everyone benefits.
For many cases eyewitness identification is an important component
of evidence, prosecution, and plea negotiation. If witness
identification is correctly implemented, investigators and
prosecutors can make their judgments effectively, and focus their
resources more efficiently. A major component of effectiveness
requires avoiding expending scarce resources on erroneous
prosecutions. It is in everyone's interest to make the best use of
the memory of witnesses: to preserve it without changing it; to
render it maximally accessible; to provide an environment in which
witnesses feel free to report their recollections; and to
accurately assess the probable validity of the witness's report,
regardless of the witness's certainty or doubts about its accuracy.
This volume gathers evidence from various research domains on
eyewitness testimony. Although many of the studies discussed deal
with eyewitness identification, it is noteworthy that many of them
also touch upon other areas of concern to eyewitness researchers,
including chapters on:
*voice recognition by humans and computers, with particularly
detailed instructions on conducting voice "lineup,"
*differential aspects of recognition memory in children,
*elderly eyewitness' memory,
*problems of cross-racial identification,
*psychological aspects of facial image reconstruction techniques,
*person descriptions,
*particular benefits of reinstating context as a means to improve
eyewitness memory,
*problems associated with various research paradigms in the
eyewitness arena, and
*recommendations on how to conduct lineups and photospreads and
their proper evaluation.
Differentiated from other literature on this topic by its
non-technical language and accessibility to non-professionals, this
volume covers a great deal of ground, raises a host of questions,
settles some others, and points the way to more effective use and
evaluation of what eyewitnesses have to say.
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