In August 1853, an American-born Sephardic Jew, Solomon Nunes
Carvalho, accepted John Fremont's invitation to join his fifth
expedition to find the best overland route to California. A
Baltimore artist, inventor, and daguerreotypist, Carvalho was given
the job of creating a photographic record of the lands and peoples
along the way.
Fremont's party left the Missouri on September 14, 1853, traveled
up the Kansas River, overland to the Arkansas, upriver past Bent's
Fort to the Huerfano, and traversed the Sandhill Pass into the
Rocky Mountains. Beset by heavy snows and intense cold, they were
reduced to eating their horses and mules and the occasional beaver
or porcupine while making their way in midwinter across the Grand,
Green, and Sevier Rivers. Suffering from frostbite, scurvy, and
dysentery, Carvalho left the expedition in Utah; spent four months
among the Mormons in Salt Lake City, where he observed with keen
interest their system of spiritual wives; and reached California in
1854.
Carvalho became the first Jewish writer to publish accounts of the
Great American West and was also one of the first people to
photograph the American West. Although only one of his plates is
known to survive, others became the models for wood and steel
engravings that broadcast the image of the West throughout the
world.
This Bison Books edition restores the discourses on Mormon doctrine
omitted from previous twentieth-century editions.
General
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