Human beings depend more on technology than any other
animal--the use of tools and weapons is vital to the survival of
our species. What processes of biocultural evolution led to this
unique dependence? Steven Kuhn turns to the Middle Paleolithic
(Mousterian) and to artifacts associated with Neanderthals, the
most recent human predecessors. His study examines the ecological,
economic, and strategic factors that shaped the behavior of
Mousterian tool makers, revealing how these hominids brought
technological knowledge to bear on the basic problems of
survival.
Kuhn's main database consists of assemblages of stone artifacts
from four caves and a series of open-air localities situated on the
western coast of the Italian peninsula. Variations in the ways
stone tools were produced, maintained, and discarded demonstrate
how Mousterian hominids coped with the problems of keeping mobile
groups supplied with the artifacts and raw materials they used on a
daily basis. Changes through time in lithic technology were closely
tied to shifting strategies for hunting and collecting food. Some
of the most provocative findings of this study stem from
observations about the behavioral flexibility of Mousterian
populations and the role of planning in foraging and
technology.
Originally published in 1995.
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