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Books > Science & Mathematics > Science: general issues > Science funding & policy
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Science and Technology Policy in the United States - Open Systems in Action (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,287
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Science and Technology Policy in the United States - Open Systems in Action (Paperback)
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During the latter half of the twentieth century, federal funding in
the United States for scientific research and development increased
dramatically. Yet, despite the infusion of public funds into
research centers, the relationship between public policy and
research and development remains poorly understood. How does the
federal government attempt to harness scientific knowledge and
resources for the nation's economic welfare and competitiveness in
the global marketplace? Who makes decisions about controversial
scientific experiments, such as genetic engineering and space
exploration? Who is held accountable when things go wrong? In this
lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws
upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and
powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to
shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that
the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood
as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed
systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information
that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed
systems, in contrast, are composed of unique and often proprietary
features, which are designed to control usage. From the
Constitution's patent clause to current debates over intellectual
property, stem cells, and Internet regulation, Kraemer shows the
promise - as well as the limits - of open systems in advancing
scientific progress, as well as the nation's economic vitality.
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