The fifth volume of "The Papers of Thomas A. Edison" covers
Edison's invention and development of the first commercial
incandescent electric light and power system. In the process he
turned his famed Menlo Park laboratory into the first true research
and development facility. This also enabled him to develop a new
telephone for the British market in the midst of his herculean
efforts on electric lighting.
In the face of daunting technical challenges and skepticism from
leading scientists and engineers, Edison and his team of
experimenters and machinists found the solution to the decades-old
problem of creating a practical incandescent lamp. By focusing on
the characteristics of the entire system Edison reconceptualized
the requirements of a successful lamp design. While rivals worked
primarily on lamps, Edison developed other parts of a complete
system as well. This approach was most notable in his revolutionary
work on generator technology, one of the highlights of this volume.
Successful exhibitions of the system in December 1879 drew crowds
to Menlo Park to witness the softly glowing lamps. These spectacles
gratified his financial backers but Edison realized the importance
of following experimental demonstrations with the hard work of
commercial development. He needed to make each component work
effectively in daily use and to improve the designs so that they
were easy to use and inexpensive to manufacture. To create a
daytime market for electricity he also developed electric motors
for a variety of uses, including electric railways, for which he
built a small demonstration line at Menlo Park. To accomplish all
this Edison greatly enlarged his staff to as many as sixty
experimenters, machinists, carpenters, and office workers. He began
manufacturing lamps at a factory in Menlo Park. At the end of 1880,
Edison was ready to move his system into commercial production and
made plans to produce other components in New York. He also invited
New York officials to a demonstration in order to win their
approval for running underground lines in lower Manhattan where he
planned to put his first commercial central station. In March 1881,
he moved to the Edison Electric Light Company's headquarters on
Fifth Avenue and began the hard work of introducing the new
electric light and power technology.
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