The corporate and urban jungles of late-twentieth-century America
were far from those of Guadalcanal that provided a sort of coming
of age for Whyte. Following Officer Candidate School at Quantico,
Virginia, Whyte reported to the First Marine Division at New River,
North Carolina, in 1942.
While leaders in Washington discussed Pacific War strategy, word
arrived that the Japanese had begun construction of an airfield
near Lunga Point on Guadalcanal. Fearing establishment of the base
might presage a thrust southeastward that would sever the line of
communications between the United States and Australia, the Joint
Chiefs of Staff authorized Operation Watchtower, the seizure of
Guadalcanal and Tulagi by the First Marine Division.
On the last day of July, 1942, the First Division set sail for
Guadalcanal. Whyte had only an inkling of what was in store for the
Marines when they landed on the north coast of Guadalcanal seven
days later. Planning for the campaign had been rudimentary at best.
When the First Marines splashed ashore without opposition from the
Japanese, they thought it would be easy to seize their first
objective, Mount Austen. They soon learned the inadequacy of their
maps when that objective proved to be several miles inland through
eight-foot-tall kunai grass that trapped the heat and made even
walking difficult.
What quickly developed was the first real test of land combat
between the United States and Japan. The goal was to seize a
partially constructed Japanese airfield on Guadalcanal before the
Japanese could make it operational, an objective quickly achieved.
Unfortunately, the capture of the airfield simply marked the
beginning of what would develop into theMarines' longest campaign
in World War II.
The battle for control of Guadalcanal and what Americans learned
from it forms the heart of William H. Whyte's memoir, published
here for the first time.
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