In 1911 Cora Wilson Stewart founded the Moonlight Schools in Rowan
County, Kentucky, an innovative night program that taught
illiterate adults to read. Hoping that 150 people would attend the
first classes, Stewart was amazed that over 1,200 men and women
enrolled. She quickly developed reading material for these men and
women that appealed to them instead of the childrens texts that
most educators were using with adults. With the success of the
Moonlight Schools, Stewart moved forward in her crusade against
illiteracy; she quickly became the most prominent advocate for the
cause on both the national and international scene. Stewart took
the fight against illiteracy at a time when it was an accepted part
of American life. She shocked the nation when she pointed out that
25 percent of the men who signed up for the draft in 1917 could
neither read nor write. From her beginnings in the mountains of
Kentucky, she went on to chair the Illiteracy Section of the World
Conference of Education Associations five times; she founded the
National Illiteracy Crusade in 1926. She even received one vote for
president at the 1920 Democratic convention. Her crusade came
despite the fact she was a victim of domestic abuse who suffered
through three failed marriages. Her life reflects the challenges
faced by female reformers in the early part of the 20th century.
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