The present book is devoted to a rapidly developing field of
science which studies the behavior of viscoelastic materials under
the influence of deformation the rheology of polymers. Rheology has
long been treated as the theoretical foundation of polymer
processing, and from this standpoint it is difficult to overesti
mate its importance in practice. Rheology plays an important role
in developing our ideas on the nature of viscoelastic behavior in
connection with the structural features of polymers and composites
based on them. This expands the possibilities of employing
rheological methods to characterize a variety of materials and
greatly magnifies the interest in this field of research. The
rheological properties of polymer systems are studied experimen
tally, chiefly under conditions of shear and tensile strains. One
explana tion is that many aspects of polymer material processing
are associated with the stretching of melts or a combination of
shear and tensile strains. In scientific investigations, either
periodic or continuous conditions of shear deformation are
employed. Each mode provides widespread infor mation. In periodic
deformation, most attention is generally given to conditions with
low deformation amplitudes that do not alter the structure of the
polymer system during an experiment (the region of linear
deformation conditions). Here the viscoelastic parameters are
generally determined with respect to the frequency. Continuous
deforma tion involves considerable strains, and may be attended by
significant reversible and irreversible changes in the structure of
a polymer."
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