The world is experiencing an unprecedented challenge due to
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In December 2019, a novel
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was
identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a
city in the Hubei province of China. It rapidly spread, resulting
in an outbreak of COVID-19. Although the majority of the infected
individuals exhibit mild to moderate respiratory illness and
recover without requiring special treatment, older people and those
with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer may rapidly
progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock,
coagulation disorders, multi-organ failure, and death. The course
of COVID-19 is usually mild in children. However, in rare cases,
children can be severely affected, and clinical manifestations may
differ from adults. Some children present the multisystem
inflammatory syndrome that is similar to incomplete Kawasaki
disease or toxic shock syndrome. There is no specific treatment and
vaccine for COVID-19. Due to the high infectivity rate of COVID-19,
the unexpected and rapid influx of large numbers of patients,
especially patients who need intensive care, have caused great
pressure on the health care systems worldwide. The worldwide spread
of COVID-19 caused fear, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and a
general decrease in overall wellbeing in the population. Healthcare
professionals who occupy the front-line during pandemics are at
increased risk concerning their physical and mental health. The
outbreak of COVID-19 negatively affected all aspects of life
including education, trade, and tourism. Our knowledge of this
novel virus is limited. However, many ongoing clinical trials are
evaluating potential treatments and vaccines. A better
understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will provide
important insight into its management and reduce the mortality
rate. Based on the latest global scientific data and clinical
experiences of the authors, this book gives the readers an overview
of COVID-19 pathogenesis and transmission routes, current
diagnostic and treatment strategies, the clinical course of the
disease in children and elderly patients, the genetic background of
differences in the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infection, the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic diseases
such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic
respiratory diseases, antioxidant therapy to limit tissue damage,
molecular approaches in COVID-19 treatment, and vaccine studies.
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