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The term epigenetics describes regulatory and information storing
mechanisms of specific genes that do not involve any change of
their DNA sequence. Epigenetics is closely related to the
extensively folded state, in which the genome is packaged, known as
chromatin. New genomic tools nowadays allow the genome-wide
assessment of, for example, chromatin states and DNA modifications,
and led to the discovery of unexpected new epigenetic principles,
such as epigenomic memory. This was the start of the field of
epigenomics, the relation of which to human health and disease is
discussed in this textbook. This book aims to summarize, in a
condensed form, the role of epigenomics in defining chromatin
states that are representative of active genes (euchromatin) and
repressed genes (heterochromatin). Moreover, this book discusses
the principles of gene regulation, chromatin stability, genomic
imprinting and the reversibility of DNA methylation and histone
modifications. This information should enable a better
understanding of cell type identities and will provide new
directions for studies of, for example, cellular reprograming, the
response of chromatin to environmental signals and epigenetic
therapies that can improve or restore human health. In order to
facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio
following the rule "a picture tells more than thousand words". The
content of the book is based on the lecture course "Molecular
Medicine and Genetics" that is given by one of us (C. Carlberg) in
different forms since 2002 at the University of Eastern Finland in
Kuopio. Thematically, this book is located between our textbooks
"Mechanisms of Gene Regulation" (ISBN 978-94-017-7741-4) and
"Nutrigenomics" (ISBN 978-3-319-30415-1), studying of which may
also be interesting to our readers. The book is sub-divided into
three sections and 13 chapters. Following the Introduction (section
A), section B will explain the molecular basis of epigenomics,
while section C will provide examples for the impact of epigenomics
in human health and disease. The lecture course is primarily
designed for Master level students of biomedicine, but is also
frequented by PhD students as well as by students of other
bioscience disciplines. Besides its value as a textbook, Human
Epigenomics will be a useful reference for individuals working in
biomedicine.
The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily
communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites
and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human
evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility
to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate
diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it
is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation.
Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight
and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that
originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa.
Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in
science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long "chat"
with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned
by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms.
The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the
principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or
disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive
textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics,
gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the
essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from
different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor
a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule "a picture tells
more than thousand words". The content of this book is based on the
lecture course "Nutrigenomics", which is held since 2003 once per
year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in
Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve
chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the
"Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a
view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms
or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its
value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for
individuals working in biomedicine.
The term epigenetics describes regulatory and information storing
mechanisms of specific genes that do not involve any change of
their DNA sequence. Epigenetics is closely related to the
extensively folded state, in which the genome is packaged, known as
chromatin. New genomic tools nowadays allow the genome-wide
assessment of, for example, chromatin states and DNA modifications,
and led to the discovery of unexpected new epigenetic principles,
such as epigenomic memory. This was the start of the field of
epigenomics, the relation of which to human health and disease is
discussed in this textbook. This book aims to summarize, in a
condensed form, the role of epigenomics in defining chromatin
states that are representative of active genes (euchromatin) and
repressed genes (heterochromatin). Moreover, this book discusses
the principles of gene regulation, chromatin stability, genomic
imprinting and the reversibility of DNA methylation and histone
modifications. This information should enable a better
understanding of cell type identities and will provide new
directions for studies of, for example, cellular reprograming, the
response of chromatin to environmental signals and epigenetic
therapies that can improve or restore human health. In order to
facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio
following the rule "a picture tells more than thousand words". The
content of the book is based on the lecture course "Molecular
Medicine and Genetics" that is given by one of us (C. Carlberg) in
different forms since 2002 at the University of Eastern Finland in
Kuopio. Thematically, this book is located between our textbooks
"Mechanisms of Gene Regulation" (ISBN 978-94-017-7741-4) and
"Nutrigenomics" (ISBN 978-3-319-30415-1), studying of which may
also be interesting to our readers. The book is sub-divided into
three sections and 13 chapters. Following the Introduction (section
A), section B will explain the molecular basis of epigenomics,
while section C will provide examples for the impact of epigenomics
in human health and disease. The lecture course is primarily
designed for Master level students of biomedicine, but is also
frequented by PhD students as well as by students of other
bioscience disciplines. Besides its value as a textbook, Human
Epigenomics will be a useful reference for individuals working in
biomedicine.
The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily
communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites
and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human
evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility
to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate
diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it
is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation.
Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight
and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that
originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa.
Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in
science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long "chat"
with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned
by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms.
The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the
principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or
disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive
textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics,
gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the
essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from
different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor
a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule "a picture tells
more than thousand words". The content of this book is based on the
lecture course "Nutrigenomics", which is held since 2003 once per
year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in
Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve
chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the
"Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a
view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms
or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its
value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for
individuals working in biomedicine.
The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily
communication between our diet and our genome. This book describes
how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its
consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes
and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our
cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with
low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical
inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased
burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the
savannahs of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss
a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life and
our life-long "chat" with diet. We are all food consumers, thus
each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be
aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an
overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to
health or disease. The content of this book is based on the lecture
course "Nutrigenomics", which is held since 2003 once per year by
Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The
book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook
"Nutrigenomics" (ISBN 978-3-319-30413-7). Besides its value as a
textbook, "Nutrigenomics: how science works" will be a useful
reference for individuals working in biomedicine
This textbook aims to describe the fascinating area of eukaryotic
gene regulation for graduate students in all areas of the
biomedical sciences. Gene expression is essential in shaping the
various phenotypes of cells and tissues and as such, regulation of
gene expression is a fundamental aspect of nearly all processes in
physiology, both in healthy and in diseased states. Th is pivotal
role for the regulation of gene expression makes this textbook
essential reading for students of all the biomedical sciences, in
order to be better prepared for their specialized disciplines. A
complete understanding of transcription factors and the processes
that alter their activity is a major goal of modern life science
research. The availability of the whole human genome sequence (and
that of other eukaryotic genomes) and the consequent development of
next-generation sequencing technologies have significantly changed
nearly all areas of the biological sciences. For example, the
genome-wide location of histone modifications and transcription
factor binding sites, such as provided by the ENCODE consortium,
has greatly improved our understanding of gene regulation.
Therefore, the focus of this book is the description of the
post-genome understanding of gene regulation.
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