Obesity and eating disorders have stubbornly refused to respond to treatment since the 1990's. This book organizes the evidence for a possible answer, i.e., that the problem could be one of addiction to processed foods. In a Processed Food Addiction (PFA) model, concepts of abstinence, cue-avoidance, acceptance of lapses, and consequences all play a role in long-term recovery. Application of these concepts could provide new tools to health professionals and significantly improve outcomes. This book describes PFA recovery concepts in detail. The material bridges the research into practical steps that health professionals can employ in their practices. It contains an evidence-based chapter on concepts of abstinence from processed foods. It rigorously describes PFA pathology according to the DSM 5 Addiction Diagnostic Criteria. It applies the Addiction Severity Index to PFA so that health practitioners can orient themselves to diagnosing and assessing PFA. It contains ground-breaking insight into how to approach PFA in children. Because the book is evidence-based, practitioners can gain the confidence to put the controversy about food addiction to rest. Practitioners can begin to identify and effectively help their clients who are addicted to processed foods. This is a breakthrough volume in a field that could benefit from new approaches.

The manner in which genetic research associated with addiction is conducted, interpreted and translated into clinical practice and policy initiatives raises important social, ethical and legal issues. Genetic Research on Addiction fulfils two key aims; the first is to identify the ethical issues and requirements arising when carrying out genetically-based addiction research, and the second is to explore the ethical, legal and public policy implications of interpreting, translating and applying this research. The book describes research guidelines on human protection issues such as improving the informed consent process, protecting privacy, responsibilities to minors and determining whether to accept industry funding. The broader public health policy implications of the research are explored and guidelines offered for developing effective social interventions. Highly relevant for clinicians, researchers, academics and policy-makers in the fields of addiction, mental health and public policy.

This book continues the series of reviews of research advances first published in 1974. The editors' aim here is to present critical and integrative reviews by internationally recognized scholars of areas in which there has been much recent research. In this task we have been greatly helped by the staff of Plenum Press and the Advisory Panel listed at the front of this volume. Several members of the Panel have retired: Dr. W.M.D. Paton, Dr. K. Bruun, Dr. K.F. Killam, and Dr. J .R. Seeley. Dr. Klaus Makela has accepted our invitation to join the Panel. Unfortunately, one member of the Panel, Professor William McGlothlin, died as a result of a tragic accident. He was a gifted and sensitive researcher. His work over many years was well known to those studying alcohol and drug problems. We want to acknowledge his contributions to the Research Advances Series and to the field in general. The editors wish to acknowledge the help of Julliana Newell Ayoub in preparation of this volume. This volume contains three papers by H. Fingarette, R. Room, and B. Kissin, on "The Disease Concept." They were originally prepared for an earlier volume but could not be included because of scheduling problems. The editors, and not the authors, are responsible for this delay. Because they are primarily philosophical and theoretical in nature they are not diminished in value by the lesser number of references to recent research.

Recent studies have provided clear evidence on the role of neural-immune interactions in normal brain function and neuropathological conditions. Neuroimmune factors, which play an essential role in neuroinflammatory response, have been implicated in the regulation of neuronal function and plasticity. Thus, neural-immune interactions provide a new frame work for understanding the role of the neuroimmune system in normal brain function, neurodevelopment, and a variety of neurological disorders. These advances have a far reaching impact on many areas of neuroscience, including alcohol research. Studies using human alcoholic brains, gene knockout mice, and gene expression profiling have established a clear link between alcoholism and an altered neuroimmune profile. This book integrates emerging knowledge on neural-immune interactions with key discoveries in alcohol research and provides a comprehensive overview of neural-immune interactions in brain function and behavior associated with alcohol use disorders. While Neural-Immune Interaction in Brain Function and Alcohol Related Disorders focuses on neural-immune interactions in areas directly related to alcohol use disorders, it is not intended to be all inclusive. Several areas, including sleep disorders, pain, and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways, are not covered as independent chapters but briefly mentioned in the text. The close relevance of these topics to neural-immune interactions and alcohol use disorders warrants future discussion and more research efforts.

Presenting the latest conclusions about the psychological processes leading to impaired self-control, this book challenges the current harm-prevention policy of "responsible gambling." The authors present the most recent and evolving research into gambling, demonstrating the psychological variables that govern the erosion or maintenance of self-control over gambling behavior. These studies provide an empirical basis for a model of impaired control of gambling. Impaired control, in its broadest sense, is considered to be the defining psychological construct of all the addictive behaviors and occupies a central position in conceptualizing the addictive aspects of gambling.

Technology has significantly changed our world. Sexual imagery and encounters can now be accessed anywhere, anytime, using portable electronic devices. Users can generate a stream of graphic pornography, a wide variety of virtual sexual activities, and casual, anonymous, or paid-for sexual encounters with a click or a tap. Simply put, we have greater access to highly stimulating sexual content, and potential sexual partners, with much less built-in accountability. Porn addicts are especially vulnerable to the lure of digital technology and the seemingly endless array of stimulation it provides. Research suggests that cyber-porn addicts spend at least eleven or twelve hours per week online viewing porn.

Today, all forms of sex addiction are technology driven--from porn websites to webcams to casual sex hook-up apps found on smartphones. Sex addicts organize their lives around the pursuit of sexual activity with self or others, spending inordinate amounts of time viewing and masturbating to porn or planning, pursuing, and engaging in sex acts. At the same time, they neglect important relationships, work, and personal responsibilities. Overwhelming feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse invade when the acting out ends.

While it's complicated, recovery is possible. "Always Turned On" shows readers how to turn those temptations off while providing practical long-term solutions for recovery.

Robert Weiss, MSW, is a therapist, international speaker, and regular blogger on Psych Central and the "Huffington Post."

Jennifer P. Schneider, MD, PhD, is a physician, international speaker, and the author of nine books.

The present volume contains a large variety of treatment approaches to the long-term rehabilitation of the alcoholic, ranging from the biological to the physiological to the psychological to the social. The multiplicity of proposed therapies, each of which has its strong proponents, suggests that alcoholism is either a complex medical-social disease syndrome requiring a multipronged treatment approach or a very simple illness for which we have not yet dis covered the remedy. The latter may, indeed, be true, but we cannot use what we do not know and must use what we do know. We do, however, have the obligation to be responsible in our treatment, to provide the best that is known at this time, and to be discriminating in our prescription of appropriate treat ment for individual patients. If there is one conclusion we would like to offer in our preface, it is that alcoholics constitute a markedly heterogeneous popula tion with widely disparate needs, for whom, at least at our present level of knowledge, a broad spectrum of treatment modalities is necessary. If this is true, then probably most of this book has validity. With this volume on the treatment and rehabilitation of the chronic alco holic, we bring to completion our five-volume series, The Biology of Alcoholism. As the title of the present volume indicates, we have departed from our original intention to deal solely with biological aspects of the syndrome and have attempted rather to produce a more comprehensive work."

Can certain foods hijack the brain in ways similar to drugs and alcohol, and is this effect sufficiently strong to contribute to major diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, and hence constitute a public health menace? Terms like "chocoholic" and "food addict" are part of popular lore, some popular diet books discuss the concept of addiction, and there are food addiction programs with names like Food Addicts in Recovery Anonymous. Clinicians who work with patients often hear the language of addiction when individuals speak of irresistible cravings, withdrawal symptoms when starting a diet, and increasing intake of palatable foods over time. But what does science show, and how strong is the evidence that food and addiction is a real and important phenomenon? Food and Addiction: A Comprehensive Handbook brings scientific order to the issue of food and addiction, spanning multiple disciplines to create the foundation for what is a rapidly advancing field and to highlight needed advances in science and public policy. The book assembles leading scientists and policy makers from fields such as nutrition, addiction, psychology, epidemiology, and public health to explore and analyze the scientific evidence for the addictive properties of food. It provides complete and comprehensive coverage of all subjects pertinent to food and addiction, from basic background information on topics such as food intake, metabolism, and environmental risk factors for obesity, to diagnostic criteria for food addiction, the evolutionary and developmental bases of eating addictions, and behavioral and pharmacologic interventions, to the clinical, public health, and legal and policy implications of recognizing the validity of food addiction. Each chapter reviews the available science and notes needed scientific advances in the field.

The first three volumes of this series have dealt with materials which generally justify the title, The Biology of Alcoholism. This is only remotely true of the present volume, Social Aspects of Alcoholism, or of the final volume to come, Treatment and Rehabilitation. Except for small portions of the treatment section which involve pharmacotherapy, much of these last two volumes deals with the psychological aspects of alcoholism and still more with the social. It is interesting to review the evolution of this new pattern over the past seven years, a pattern which, had it existed initially, would have resulted, if not in a dif ferent format, at least in a different title. Our initial selection of areas to be covered was influenced by our desire to present as "hard" data as possible, in an attempt to lend a greater aura of scientific rigor to a field which was generally considered as "soft. " When we completed our review of this material in volumes 1-3, we recognized that what we might have gained in rigor, we had more than lost in completeness. These volumes presented a picture of a biological disease syndrome for which the remedies and preventive measures were presumably also biological. And yet, most workers in the field readily accept the significant contributions of psychological and social factors to the pathogenesis and treatment of alcoholism."

This book focuses on community self-help and support groups specifically in the context of recovery movements in addiction and mental health care. The idea of groups of recovering people meeting together may seem like a simple one and not one requiring much effort and thought; however, as this book will show, this is not the case. In Recovery Groups: A Guide to Creating, Leading, and Working with Groups for Addictions and Mental Health Conditions Linda Kurtz breaks down the recovery movement for addictions and mental health care into three sections. In the first section recovery concepts are broken down into two fields: how they differ and how they come together. The second section focuses on methods of working with independent self-help groups and leadership in support groups. Kurtz touches on the study of helping mechanisms, social climate, group teachers, group structure, and how to use each of these to improve group performance. In the third section of the book, Kurtz examines social and community actions from members involved in Twelve-Step fellowships and consumer survivor organizations. The final section also details programs that provide employment, housing, and mutual support, explaining how to accomplish these goals without a large expense. This book will be useful to students, professional mental health and addiction workers, recovery coaches and peer support specialists, and group members and leaders who are interested in this topic.

The previous volume, The Pathogenesis of Alcoholism: Psychosocial Factors, attempted to describe the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors that lead to the initiation and perpetuation of alcoholism. The preface to that volume presented our particular view of the bio-. psycho-social interaction as a progressive process in which earlier developments produce new pathogenetic mechanisms, which in turn lead to still other cyclical feedback activities. Although influences from each of the three phenomenologic levels are at work during each stage of the clinical course, it would appear that social factors are most significant in the early phase, psychological factors at the intermediate level, and biological ones toward the end. These differences are only relative, however, for influences of all three types surely are operative during all stages of the syndrome. This appears to be particularly true for the biological parameters of activity. Don Goodwin (1976), who has supplied much of the data that support the role of hereditary factors in alcoholism, is wont to say that all living behavior is biological-by definition. The operational evidence for this is perhaps more evident in alcoholism than in other syndromes. For example, the general social indifference of many Asians to alcohol may reflect the presence of an atypical isoenzyme of alcohol dehydrogenase rather than some independently derived cultural norm.

A major national goal is to improve the health of the populace while advancing our opportunities to pursue happiness. Simulta neously, there are both increasing health costs and increasing demands that more be accomplished with less financial support. The number of deaths attributable to the consumption of alcohol in the US is about 100,000 per year, and the annual cost of this addiction is over $100 billion. Improved treatment methods can both reduce these costs and improve health by preventing the continued exposure of abusers to the toxic effects of alcohol. This third volume of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Reviews focuses on the strategies currently thought best for the treatment of alcohol and tobacco abuse. A variety of approaches to treating alcohol abuse employ those psychosocial factors that are known to influence alcohol use in youth and adults. Pharmacotherapy has also been evaluated at the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism by leaders in alcohol treatment research. One key review investigates forming a developmental framework for the treatment of adolescent alcohol abusers, a major challenge. Although the main emphasis is on the treatment of alcoholism, a major cofactor for many drug users is nicotine (tobacco) addiction, whose treatment is also reviewed. And the roles of learning and outpatient services are shown to affect treatment significantly. Thus, the problems confronted and solutions used in alcohol abuse treatment have here been analyzed in concise reviews that provide evidence for today's best hypoth eses and conclusions.

Project MATCH was a large-scale treatment evaluation study established by the US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse to determine whether the treatment of alcoholism could be improved by matching different types of alcoholics with the most appropriate kinds of treatment. This book, edited by the two principal investigators, was the first comprehensive report of Project MATCH, the largest treatment study ever conducted with alcoholics. It describes the rationale, methods, results and implications of the study, and presents findings about how treatment works, for whom it is most effective, and who does best in different kinds of treatment. It also offers some of the first scientific evidence on the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous. The audience for this book is broad, including researchers, clinicians and policy makers in the field of alcoholism and addiction.

This is the tenth volume in the Research Advances series and the seventh published by Plenum Press. Volume 10 is another omnibus volume, providing specialized and advanced reviews in a number of areas related to the use of alcohol, illicit drugs, and tobacco. We include also a brief history of the Center for Alcohol Studies that gives Mark Keller's unique perspective on this noted institution. Two of the chapters are decidedly longer than the others-very long chapters have appeared occasionally in the past, and we think that it is one of the strengths of the series that we are able to accommodate such reviews. Again the editorial board has changed. After several years of service, Reginald G. Smart has stepped down. New to the board are Helen M. Annis, Michael S. Goodstadt, Lynn T. Kozlowski, and Evelyn R. Vingilis. This is likely to be the sole volume for which Goodstadt is on the board, since before completion of this volume he moved from the Addiction Research Foundation to the Center for Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University.

Drug addiction remains one of the most important public health problems in western societies and is a rising concern for developing nations. Over the past 3 decades, experimental research on the neurobiology and psychology of drug addiction has generated a torrent of exciting data, from the molecular up to the behavioral levels. As a result, a new and pressing challenge for addiction research is to formulate a synthetic theoretical framework that goes well beyond mere scientific eclectism to deepen our understanding of drug addiction and to foster our capacity to prevent and to cure drug addiction. Intrigued by the apparent irrational behavior of drug addicts, researchers from a wide range of scientific disciplines have formulated a plethora of theoretical schemes over the years to understand addiction. However, most of these theories and models are qualitative in nature and are formulated using terms that are often ill-defined. As a result, the empirical validity of these models has been difficult to test rigorously, which has served to generate more controversy than clarity. In this context, as in other scientific fields, mathematical and computational modeling should contribute to the development of more testable and rigorous models of addiction.

Bringing together scholars from different disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, this multidisciplinary Handbook offers a comprehensive critical overview of intoxicants and intoxication. The Handbook is divided into 34 chapters across eight thematic sections covering a wide range of issues, including the meanings of intoxicants; the social life of intoxicants; intoxication settings; intoxication practices; alternative approaches to the study of intoxication; scapegoated intoxicants; discourses shaping intoxication; and changing notions of excess. It explores a range of different intoxicants, including alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, and legal and illicit drugs, including amphetamine, cannabis, ecstasy, khat, methadone, and opiates. Chapter length case studies explore these intoxicants in a variety of countries, including the USA, the UK, Australia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Denmark, Ireland, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, Singapore, and Sweden, across a broad timespan covering the nineteenth century to the present day. This wide-ranging Handbook will be of great interest to researchers, students, and instructors within the humanities and social sciences with an interest in a wide range of different intoxicants and different intoxication practices.

Over the last decade the world has experienced a growing interest in problems associated with the nonmedical use of drugs. This interest has corresponded to a real growth in the extent, diversity, and social impact of the use of alcohol and drugs in many societies. As a result, the amount of research and writing on the subject of drug problems has greatly increased, and it has become very difficult for one individual to keep up with all the relevant literature. There is thus an acute need in the field for critical reviews that assess current developments, and the present series is intended to fill this need. The series is not to be an "annual review" in the usual sense. The aim is not to cover all the work reported during the preceding year in relation to a fixed selection of topics. Rather, it is to present each year evaluative papers on topics in which enough recent progress has been made to alter the general scope in a particular area. Owing to the multidisciplinary nature of problems of drug use and dependence, the papers published in each volume will be drawn from several disciplines. However, some volumes may be devoted to one partic ular problem, with individual reviews and papers examining various aspects of it. The composition of the editorial board and the international advisory board reflects these objectives. The editors are members of the senior scientific staff of the Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario."

Drug abuse and addiction are common in clinical practice. Often they interfere with patient treatment or require an alternative approach. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment is a major contribution to the literature, a gold standard title offering a comprehensive range of topics for those who care for patients with addiction, conduct research in this area, or simply have an interest in the field. Offering state-of-the-art information for all those working with drug abusing or addicted patients, or for those interested in this topic from other research perspectives, the volume is a first of its kind book -- rich, comprehensive, yet focused, addressing the needs of the very active theoretical, basic, and clinical research in the field. Comprised of 46 chapters organized in four sections and developed by the leading international experts, Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment covers virtually every core, as well as contemporary, topic on addiction, from the established theories to the most modern research and development in the field. Enhancing the educational value of the volume, every chapter includes an abstract and two boxes summarizing learning objectives and directions for future research. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness: Causes, Consequences, and Treatment discusses the topic in a authoritative, systematic manner and is an indispensable reference for all clinicians and researchers interested in this rapidly changing field.

This classic text provides a comprehensive, accessible overview of substance misuse and dependence with an emphasis on practical and evidence-based approaches to the assessment, management and prevention of a wide range of drug-related problems, in a variety of clinical and social settings. The book includes definitions of terms, and describes the effects and clinical characteristics of all substances of misuse. The theoretical background to these topics is clearly explained. For the fourth edition, every chapter has been revised to include the most up-to-date information, with the latest international data on the extent of the world drug problem. There is detailed emphasis on harm minimization, AIDS and hepatitis C and entirely new coverage of tobacco addiction and its management. This is an essential guide for all healthcare workers, health policy specialists, counselors and those seeking to train in areas related to addiction and substance misuse.

This classic text provides a comprehensive, accessible overview of substance misuse and dependence with an emphasis on practical and evidence-based approaches to the assessment, management and prevention of a wide range of drug-related problems, in a variety of clinical and social settings. The book includes definitions of terms, and describes the effects and clinical characteristics of all substances of misuse. The theoretical background to these topics is clearly explained. For the fourth edition, every chapter has been revised to include the most up-to-date information, with the latest international data on the extent of the world drug problem. There is detailed emphasis on harm minimization, AIDS and hepatitis C and entirely new coverage of tobacco addiction and its management. This is an essential guide for all healthcare workers, health policy specialists, counselors and those seeking to train in areas related to addiction and substance misuse.

According to the popular press in the mid twentieth century, American women, in a misguided attempt to act like men in work and leisure, were drinking more. "Lady Lushes" were becoming a widespread social phenomenon. From the glamorous hard-drinking flapper of the 1920s to the disgraced and alcoholic wife and mother played by Lee Remick in the 1962 film "Days of Wine and Roses," alcohol consumption by American women has been seen as both a prerogative and as a threat to health, happiness, and the social order. In Lady Lushes, medical historian Michelle L. McClellan traces the story of the female alcoholic from the late-nineteenth through the twentieth century. She draws on a range of sources to demonstrate the persistence of the belief that alcohol use is antithetical to an idealized feminine role, particularly one that glorifies motherhood. Lady Lushes offers a fresh perspective on the importance of gender role ideology in the formation of medical knowledge and authority.

Dr. "Skip" Sviokla, lived life as a successful driven, athletic and brilliant graduate of Harvard Medical School, reveling in wealth and glamour as a "celebrity doctor" until addiction brought his life crashing down. This real-life "Dr. House" had it all (he thought) until addiction took everything. Miraculously, recovery gave him back his family, his self-respect, and much more The media is filled with celebrity addiction stories, so people will be drawn to the author's experience as a "doctor to the stars," and having attended the most famous university and medical school in the world, Dr. Sviokla's story will also be relevant to a larger audience, including medical professionals and those seeking answers about addiction. In addition to being an engaging memoir about one man's journey to recovery, this book offers expert medical knowledge about addiction and its treatment. Few books are written from the unique perspective of a board-certified addiction medicine specialist who has also experienced his own battle with addiction. Dr. Skip is a frequent public speaker and writes on a wide range of addiction topics, such as prescription drug abuse and the world of addiction within the medical profession. Coauthor Kerry Zukus' debut novel, The Fourth House (2007), was a Featured Selection of the Book of the Month Club, the Doubleday Book Club, and the Literary Guild, divisions of Random House/Doubleday Entertainment, where it sold out its first two printings.

Methadone has been used successfully as a substitution agent for heroin dependency for more than 30 years. As a result of its success, other effective methods of treatment have been neglected. Established as a key text on all treatment options for drug misusers, Community Treatment of Drug Misuse: More Than Methadone has been highly praised for its practical orientation based on a solid research background. For the second edition, all the main evidence-based and more pragmatic treatment approaches are reviewed, not only in the management of opiate dependence, but across the range of drugs. It focuses extensively on developments in the last few years as a result of policy initiatives and research findings, including coverage of buprenorphine treatment, the systematic treatment of cocaine abuse and work with special patient groups. This is of direct relevance to medical as well as non-medical practitioners undertaking clinical work in the addictions.

The contributions to this volume clearly indicate the momentum, quality, liveliness and diversity of the research effort being di rected toward deepening our understanding of tqe alcohol withdrawal syndrome. This area of study has gained increasing interest and attention to the point where it seemed reasonable to devote a spe cial section to it at the 30th International Congress for Alcoholism and Drug Dependence in Amsterdam in September, 1972. Our goal was to share our most recent findings and stimulate others to join in the effort. With few exceptions, the papers in this publication present new data. It had been hoped that the volume would appear by the end of 1972. However, the eagerness of many of the contributors to extend their investigations made this target date impossible. Several of the papers were not presented in the section but were presented elsewhere in the Congress. However, because of their particular relevance to the topic they have been included with the generous consent of the authors."